: .
.
230701
2, -2
:
:
, 2013
.............................................................................................................. 3
1. ....................................................................... 5
2. ............................................................. 7
3. ..................................... 9
...................................................................................................... 11
......................................................................................... 12
. ; , , . , .
; , , , . . ( , , ..).
. , . ; , , , .
, , 10 .
. . 40 . ; , .
: , 100. . , ( ), .
|
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, .
- . , , , , , . , .
́ ́ ́ 8. 0 7.
, . , . , .
08 = 0002
18 = 0012
28 = 0102
38 = 0112
48 = 1002
58 = 1012
68 = 1102
78 = 1112
. : 25418 = [ 28 | 58 | 48 | 18 ] = [ 0102 | 1012 | 1002 | 0012 ] = 0101011000012
0 (). : 022.
8 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. , , 611 (), ( ). , .
:
6118 =011 001 0012
1 110 011 1012=14358 (4 )
. , . :
1011101 = 1 011 101 = 001 011 101 = 1 3 5 = 135
. 1011101 135 . 10111012 = 1358.
. , 1008 ( ! 100 100 ) .
1008 = 1 0 0 = 001 000 000 = 001000000 = 10000002
:
6728 = 6 * 82 + 7 * 81 + 2 * 80 = 6 * 64 + 56 + 2 = 384 + 56 + 2 = 44210
1008 = 1 * 82 + 0 * 81 + 0 * 80 = 6410. [1,3,4,5]
2.
( ) 16.
0 9 A F 1010 1510, (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F).
:
, 8- , . IBM/360, , ( 8- , , , PDP-11 -6) .
|
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, 4 ( ).
(R, G B) .
, , . , , . :
:
10001100101 = 0100 1100 0101 = 4 C 5 = 4C5
, 4C5 (C 12):
4C5 = 4 * 162 + 12 * 161 + 5 * 160 = 4 * 256 + 192 + 5 = 1221
, - FF.
FF = 15 * 161 + 15 * 160 = 240 + 15 = 255
255 , 8 : 1111 1111 = FF. ( -) . ! 8- 256, 255. 0 256- . [. 1] [2,3,4]