UNIX (UID - User Identifier), , . , , (GID - Group IDentifier). UID GID , , . , , , ..
, . UNIX UID (). UID (superuser) root. . , . .
. , , ..
UNIX (++). , -, UNIX , , -, .
, , , .. , UNIX,
UNIX pcc ( ) gcc ( ). , .. UNIX.
. .
, , . UNIX (link editor) ld. , .
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. . , . , . , , . , , , .
shell : , ; , ; ,
, ( , vi, cc ..) , . , , UNIX, shell, main ( main , .. static). , main.
UNIX - , . , , . , , , main. , , ( main) ..
( UNIX) - fork() exec (--). fork , (.. ).
, fork ; , , fork. , - , fork : 0 ( ) .
, exec, , , , , , main . exec , , main.
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, shell, shell ls, .
main()
{if(fork()==0) wait(0); /* */
else execl("ls", "ls", 0); /* */
}
