.


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, 4 :

1. 1 .

2. , .

3. .

4. .

. , , .

, , .

, . , .

2.5.1.

, , .

, . , .

- . , , .

:

- ( 2,5-3,5 ),

- (ψ = 1-6),

- (β=60-80),

- (φ=35-50),

- ( = 1,1-1,3).

():

= /(1+√*sin(β + Ψ)*sin(φ α)/ sin(φ + α)*sin(β - Ψ)),

= 3/(1+√1,2*sin(60+1)*sin(35-15)/ sin(35+1)*sin(60-15))=

3/(1+√1,2*0,886*0,315/0,591*0,607) = 1,53 .

(S) (S) :

S = (2*sin(β + Ψ)*sin(φ + α))/2 sin(β α), 2;

S=(1,532*sin(60+1)*sin(35+15))/(2sin(60-15))=(2,34*0,886*0,832)/2*0,607=1,42 2.

S = ((-)2*sin(φ + Ψ)*sin(α -Ψ))/2sin( (φ - α), 2;

S=((3-1,53)2* sin(35+1)*sin(15- 1))/2 sin(35 -15)=2,16*0,591*0,241/2*0,315=0,4882.

(l1 ) (l2) :

l1 = *sin(β+Ψ)/sin(β - α), ;

l1 =1,53*sin(60+1)/sin(60-1) = 1,53*0,883/0,848 = 1,59 .

l2 = ( )*sin(φ+ψ)/sin(φ α.), ;

l2 = (3-1,53)*sin(35+1)/ sin(35 - 15)=1,47*0,591/0,215 = 4,04 .

(l): l = l1 + l2, ;

l =1,59+4,04 = 5,63 .

(h1): h1 = *sin β* sin(α + ψ)/ sin (β α), ;

h1 = 1,53*sin 60*sin(15 + 1)/sin(60- 15) = 1,53*0,866*0,276 / 0,607 = 0,602 .

(h) (b):

h = (l + 1)* sin α, ;

h = (5,63+1)*sin 15 = 1,72 .

b = √l2- h2, ;

b =√5,632- 1,752 =√31,70 3,06 = 5,35 .

(): = /l,

= 3/5,35 = 0,19.

: = 10000/*,

, ;

, ;

=10000/5,35*1 =1869 .

.

n = H / h,

h 1,72 .

n = 15/1,72 = 9 .

(): = l/L*, ;

=60*15/650 = 1,38 .

(h1): h1 = 15

h2 h1 = 15 1,72 =13,28

h3 = h2 - h1 = 13,28 1,72 = 11,56

h4 = h3 - h1 = 11,56 1,72 = 9,84

h5 = h4 - h1 = 9,84 - 1,72 = 8,12

h6 = h5 - h1 = 8,12 1,72 = 6,40

h7 = h6 - h1 = 6,40 1,72 = 4,68

h8 = h7 - h1 = 4,68 - 1,72 = 2,96

h9 = h8 - h1 = 2,96 1,72 = 1,24

:

l1 = L - l

l1 = 650 60 = 590

l i = hi/H*L.

l2 = 13,28*650/15 = 575,47

l3 = 11,56*650/15 = 500,93

l4 = 9,84*650/15 = 426,4

l5 = 8,12*650/15 = 351,87

l6 = 6,41*650/15 = 277,77

l7 = 4,68*650/15 = 202,80

l8 = 2,96*650/15 = 128,27

l9 = 1,24*650/15 = 53,73

, : ∑ l*2 = 3107,24*2 = 6214,5 .

:

S = L* = 6214,5*5,35 = 33248 2 3,32 .

L , ;

- , .

-

= S* = 3,32*1869 = 6205 .

 

. 4

 

, , .

, , . . , . 5 10 10-20 . 30-40 , 250-400 . . (10-15 ) , . 0,5 0,5 1 0,2 . , , 2 2, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 3 3 .

2 , 28 - 1 = 27 . 0,50,5 , 22 .

, 650-60 = 590 . 10 3 10 . . , , .

, , , , . , , .

- . .

 

. 5

 

650 .

n= (650-60)/200 + 1 = 4 .

5 40 .

S = ( n)*n = (28-1)*4*40 = 0,432

= 10000*20/40*0,5 = 10000 .

. = 10000*0,432 = 4320 .

= 10000*6/40*2 = 750 .

= 750*0,432 = 324 .

 

2.6.

, , . :

1) , - .

2) .

3) / , , .

, . , , .

, , , , , , . . , , , . . , . ( ) 0,5 0,3. . , .

, , , , .

, , , 1,2 2 . h 25%. 2 , 1,5 . 2,5 . 1:2, 1:1.

 

 

. 6

h-

.

, ( ). , , . :

Q=F*h*p*K,

F , 2;

h- , ;

- ;

.

Q = 200000*0,11*0,4*0,3 = 2640 3.

, , , . :

S1 = ½ (( + ) 2 - tg L + tg β / tg L + tg β);

S1 = ½(h (tg L + tg β / tg L * tg β) ) (h tg L * tg β / tg L + tg β),

S1 , 2;

S2 , 2;

, ;

, = + 3 = 2,5 + 3 * 2 = 8,5

tg L = i

tgß = / 2 =2 /2*2 =0,5 ;

q - , , 1 ;

-2 ;

h - , 1,5 , .. 75% ;

1,1 .

S1 = ½ [(2,5+8,5)*2 ((8,5)2*0,1*0,5)/0,1+0,5]=8 2

S2 = ½ [(1,5*((0,1+0,5)/(0,1*0,5))-8,5)*(1,5 - (8,5*0,1*0,5)/(0,1+0,5)] = 3,75 2

:

q = (S2 + S1 / 1,1) * 1 = 3,75 + 8 / 1,1 = 10,68

L = Q / q = 2640/ 10,68 = 247

( ). :

= Q / 3600 * 4 = 2640 / 3600 * 4 = 0,18 3/.

, ( ) , ..

³ = * V,

, ( + d) / 2 * l

V , 0,6 0,8 /.

, 0,1 , l ++d / 2 = / V, l = C / 0,1*V = 0,18 / 0,1 * 0,8 = 2,25

, :

l / 2 = 2,25/2 = 1,125

. , . . , , . , .

, , . , , 20-25 , . , (35 ). . , 0,4 , .. . 30-40 , .

( 10 ) . . 10-15%, . , .

 

, , . , , ( 1,5 2 ). .

, , - .

50 . 50 .

( ) , . , . . . , .

( 0,1 0,05 , 6-10 ). 1 . , 0,5 . 135 .

. , . , , .

 

. 7

 

. 8 ,

:

n= A-B * i / h,

, ;

, ;

i- , ;

h- , .

 

. 9

.

, ;

L - , ;

l- , .

= * l / L = 15 *60 / 650 = 1,38 ;

:

n = 1,38/0,5 = 2,76 3 .

: m = l / n,

l- , ;

n- .

m = 60 /3 = 20

15 20 20 20 30 20. , .

 

2.

- . 6 10 - . . . , .

, 13934,53 .

70 1 2 . : . = *, . . .

, / ;

. : =***,

2 /;

1 1000 .;

, 70 .

= 2023,31*2*1000*70 = 283263400 .

, , , , , 15% - 240773890 .

, , , : = ***1+,

, .. 38,0 ;

/ 12 /;

1 . (1000 .)

1 , 80 ;

, 529512 .

= 38*12*1000*80+529512 = 37009512 .

= = 240773890 37009512 = 233764378 .

= / = 233764378/70 = 3339491 .

:

Q = / = 37009512/3339491 = 11 .

1 : / = / = 3339491 / 2023,31 = 1650,51 .

11 1650,51 .

 

 

, , , , .

; ; , , - . .

 

 

1. : -. .. , .. . ., , 1980. 368 .

2. : 31. 12/ . .. . -: , 1989. 48 .

3. : 260400. -: , 1998. 48 .

4. . - /.. . 2- .: . 1974 . 374 .

 






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