, 4 :
1. 1 .
2. , .
3. .
4. .
. , , .
, , .
, . , .
2.5.1.
, , .
, . , .
- . , , .
:
- ( 2,5-3,5 ),
- (ψ = 1-6),
- (β=60-80),
- (φ=35-50),
- ( = 1,1-1,3).
():
= /(1+√*sin(β + Ψ)*sin(φ α)/ sin(φ + α)*sin(β - Ψ)),
= 3/(1+√1,2*sin(60+1)*sin(35-15)/ sin(35+1)*sin(60-15))=
3/(1+√1,2*0,886*0,315/0,591*0,607) = 1,53 .
(S) (S) :
S = (2*sin(β + Ψ)*sin(φ + α))/2 sin(β α), 2;
S=(1,532*sin(60+1)*sin(35+15))/(2sin(60-15))=(2,34*0,886*0,832)/2*0,607=1,42 2.
S = ((-)2*sin(φ + Ψ)*sin(α -Ψ))/2sin( (φ - α), 2;
S=((3-1,53)2* sin(35+1)*sin(15- 1))/2 sin(35 -15)=2,16*0,591*0,241/2*0,315=0,4882.
(l1 ) (l2) :
l1 = *sin(β+Ψ)/sin(β - α), ;
l1 =1,53*sin(60+1)/sin(60-1) = 1,53*0,883/0,848 = 1,59 .
l2 = ( )*sin(φ+ψ)/sin(φ α.), ;
l2 = (3-1,53)*sin(35+1)/ sin(35 - 15)=1,47*0,591/0,215 = 4,04 .
(l): l = l1 + l2, ;
l =1,59+4,04 = 5,63 .
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(h1): h1 = *sin β* sin(α + ψ)/ sin (β α), ;
h1 = 1,53*sin 60*sin(15 + 1)/sin(60- 15) = 1,53*0,866*0,276 / 0,607 = 0,602 .
(h) (b):
h = (l + 1)* sin α, ;
h = (5,63+1)*sin 15 = 1,72 .
b = √l2- h2, ;
b =√5,632- 1,752 =√31,70 3,06 = 5,35 .
(): = /l,
= 3/5,35 = 0,19.
: = 10000/*,
, ;
, ;
=10000/5,35*1 =1869 .
.
n = H / h,
h 1,72 .
n = 15/1,72 = 9 .
(): = l/L*, ;
=60*15/650 = 1,38 .
(h1): h1 = 15
h2 h1 = 15 1,72 =13,28
h3 = h2 - h1 = 13,28 1,72 = 11,56
h4 = h3 - h1 = 11,56 1,72 = 9,84
h5 = h4 - h1 = 9,84 - 1,72 = 8,12
h6 = h5 - h1 = 8,12 1,72 = 6,40
h7 = h6 - h1 = 6,40 1,72 = 4,68
h8 = h7 - h1 = 4,68 - 1,72 = 2,96
h9 = h8 - h1 = 2,96 1,72 = 1,24
:
l1 = L - l
l1 = 650 60 = 590
l i = hi/H*L.
l2 = 13,28*650/15 = 575,47
l3 = 11,56*650/15 = 500,93
l4 = 9,84*650/15 = 426,4
l5 = 8,12*650/15 = 351,87
l6 = 6,41*650/15 = 277,77
l7 = 4,68*650/15 = 202,80
l8 = 2,96*650/15 = 128,27
l9 = 1,24*650/15 = 53,73
, : ∑ l*2 = 3107,24*2 = 6214,5 .
:
S = L* = 6214,5*5,35 = 33248 2 3,32 .
L , ;
- , .
-
= S* = 3,32*1869 = 6205 .
. 4
, , .
, , . . , . 5 10 10-20 . 30-40 , 250-400 . . (10-15 ) , . 0,5 0,5 1 0,2 . , , 2 2, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 3 3 .
2 , 28 - 1 = 27 . 0,50,5 , 22 .
, 650-60 = 590 . 10 3 10 . . , , .
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|
, , , , . , , .
- . .
. 5
650 .
n= (650-60)/200 + 1 = 4 .
5 40 .
S = ( n)*n = (28-1)*4*40 = 0,432
= 10000*20/40*0,5 = 10000 .
. = 10000*0,432 = 4320 .
= 10000*6/40*2 = 750 .
= 750*0,432 = 324 .
2.6.
, , . :
1) , - .
2) .
3) / , , .
, . , , .
, , , , , , . . , , , . . , . ( ) 0,5 0,3. . , .
, , , , .
, , , 1,2 2 . h 25%. 2 , 1,5 . 2,5 . 1:2, 1:1.
. 6
|
|
h-
.
, ( ). , , . :
Q=F*h*p*K,
F , 2;
h- , ;
- ;
.
Q = 200000*0,11*0,4*0,3 = 2640 3.
, , , . :
S1 = ½ (( + ) 2 - tg L + tg β / tg L + tg β);
S1 = ½(h (tg L + tg β / tg L * tg β) ) (h tg L * tg β / tg L + tg β),
S1 , 2;
S2 , 2;
, ;
, = + 3 = 2,5 + 3 * 2 = 8,5
tg L = i
tgß = / 2 =2 /2*2 =0,5 ;
q - , , 1 ;
-2 ;
h - , 1,5 , .. 75% ;
1,1 .
S1 = ½ [(2,5+8,5)*2 ((8,5)2*0,1*0,5)/0,1+0,5]=8 2
S2 = ½ [(1,5*((0,1+0,5)/(0,1*0,5))-8,5)*(1,5 - (8,5*0,1*0,5)/(0,1+0,5)] = 3,75 2
:
q = (S2 + S1 / 1,1) * 1 = 3,75 + 8 / 1,1 = 10,68
L = Q / q = 2640/ 10,68 = 247
( ). :
= Q / 3600 * 4 = 2640 / 3600 * 4 = 0,18 3/.
, ( ) , ..
³ = * V,
, ( + d) / 2 * l
V , 0,6 0,8 /.
, 0,1 , l ++d / 2 = / V, l = C / 0,1*V = 0,18 / 0,1 * 0,8 = 2,25
, :
l / 2 = 2,25/2 = 1,125
. , . . , , . , .
, , . , , 20-25 , . , (35 ). . , 0,4 , .. . 30-40 , .
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( 10 ) . . 10-15%, . , .
, , . , , ( 1,5 2 ). .
, , - .
50 . 50 .
( ) , . , . . . , .
( 0,1 0,05 , 6-10 ). 1 . , 0,5 . 135 .
. , . , , .
. 7
. 8 ,
:
n= A-B * i / h,
, ;
, ;
i- , ;
h- , .
. 9
.
, ;
L - , ;
l- , .
= * l / L = 15 *60 / 650 = 1,38 ;
:
n = 1,38/0,5 = 2,76 3 .
: m = l / n,
l- , ;
n- .
m = 60 /3 = 20
15 20 20 20 30 20. , .
2.
- . 6 10 - . . . , .
, 13934,53 .
70 1 2 . : . = *, . . .
|
|
, / ;
. : =***,
2 /;
1 1000 .;
, 70 .
= 2023,31*2*1000*70 = 283263400 .
, , , , , 15% - 240773890 .
, , , : = ***1+,
, .. 38,0 ;
/ 12 /;
1 . (1000 .)
1 , 80 ;
, 529512 .
= 38*12*1000*80+529512 = 37009512 .
= = 240773890 37009512 = 233764378 .
= / = 233764378/70 = 3339491 .
:
Q = / = 37009512/3339491 = 11 .
1 : / = / = 3339491 / 2023,31 = 1650,51 .
11 1650,51 .
, , , , .
; ; , , - . .
1. : -. .. , .. . ., , 1980. 368 .
2. : 31. 12/ . .. . -: , 1989. 48 .
3. : 260400. -: , 1998. 48 .
4. . - /.. . 2- .: . 1974 . 374 .