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Surahs , -, - , 11, (2002) p. 9

 

, [], [ ], [ir] .... , , . , , . , , "", , , - - [].'"

 

 

, , - , [3]. , :

 

 

" ? - , , ? - . , , , ."

 

 

- , , . . . ( 1825-1828, 1833-1835):

 

 

" , , , , , [4].

 

 

19- , , :

 

 

" . , , . O , , , , , ( ), Khakan ( ) [ ], , () ( , ). O , , , : O . O , , , . O , , , , , : O ." [5]

 

 

, S.D. Goitein, , 1949, , :

 

 

" . , ( ) . , , , :

 

; - - ; - - ; - - - ; , [6].

 

 

, 1958, , , , :

 

 

" , dhimmis... - . -, Nagaf, Zaitoune, , - , , ..."

 

 

, , Fattal , sacralised , , , . , , , -mongering "" , , , .

 

 

:

 

http://www.andrewbostom.org/loj//content/view/23/27/

 

1. , http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=39145

2. , ,

http://www.edume.org/reports/13/toc.htm

3. Bostom, . FrontPageMagazine.com, 28 2003.

http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=6929 Bostom, . . FrontPage Magazine.com, 13 2004.

http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=13371

4. , E.W. , -, 1973, p. 276.

5. , E.W. , p. 575.

6. Goitein, S.D. , 1949, " ", p. 161.

7. Fattal, . Statut en ' , , 1958; 369, 372

 

 



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