, . , , .
: 1) , ( , , ); 2) ( ); 3) (); 4) ( , ).
, (%),
k = [(G-G)/G] 100, (11.4)
G , , , ; G , , , .
, . , (3/)
=3600V = 3600bhv, (11.5)
A , 2; b,h (b≈0,2D, h≈0,4D); D , ; V (v=16... 25 /), /.
, , , . . 30... 40% 90... 99% .
(. 11.2, ) , . , . . , > , / , .
, , , , - , . , . , ; , .
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, , , . (. 11.2, ) 4 3 2, 7, , 6, . 5. 2 1, .
.. - 25 / , . , , , , 2 /. 6 . , .
, , , . , 600 5 40%, 10 80%, 20 90%. . , , . , V (/)
v=w1r1 = w2r,2 (11.6)
, () , . .
=mw2r, (11.7)
, . . , .
(. 11.2, ) 3 2, / 4 . , .
(. 11.2, ) , 3. 2 . 6 7, . 5 2 7 4 . , .
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80... 93% 10... 15 ( 150...250 ) 4... 5 ( 40... 60 ). 25 130 .
, , (). 1800 3/ 550 /2.
(, , ), .
(. 11.3, ), 3, 4. , 2, 12, 10 . , 9, 8. , .
6 5. 8. //, 7 , , , 12. 1.
97... 99%, . 100, .
, 99... 99,5% ( 500). .
. , 6 (. 11.3, ) 5, 3 7 ( 35 70 . ), , , . 2 , , /. 4. 200... 300 3... 4 . , .
/ (. 11.3, ), 2. , , 6, , , , 3 , 4 5 . 2 /. 360 . 3/ 30 /3 98%.
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(). , , , . , . , , , . 0,8... 0,99 , .