" ", |
, . , : , , .
.
() (total private cost, TPC) | |
(total external cost, TEC) | |
(total social cost, TSC) | , |
.
, .
. , , , . , .
, ..
, .
(marginal private cost, MPC) | , |
(marginal external cost, MEC) | , , |
(marginal social cost, MSC) | , : MSC = MPC + MEC |
:
(marginal private benefit, MPB)
(marginal external benefit, MEB)
(marginal social benefit, MSB) −
, ,
: MSB = MPB + MEB
, .
.1 . .
|
|
, .
, : MPC < MSC.
Q1 P1.
() E1, S (= MPC) D (= MSB): MPC = MSB.
E2,
MSC = MSB. AE1E2
- MPC < MSC.
, :
1) (P1 < P2);
2) (Q1 > Q2) ;
3) ,
(.. ,
).
, (.. ), Q2
P2, .
, .
.
.2 .
, ,
. , . , : MPB < MSB.
E1, D (= MPB) S (= MSC): MPB = MSC.
E2,
MSB = MSC. -
MPB < MSB.
, :
1) ((P1 < P2);
2) (Q1 < Q2);
3)
.
: , " " ( AE1E2 .3 4).
.
XX . :
1) ()
MPC (MPB) MSC (MSB);
2) ( ) ( ).
..
, MEC: t = MEC, MPC MSC. .
, MEB: G = MEB, MPB MSB.
.
|
|
:
1)
;
2) ;
3) ,
;
4) ;
5)
.
. .