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( "") ( " ") .
| (D) | ( ) | |
| (Qd) | , | |
, .
| ||
| : Qd = f(P) ‾ | ||
| Pd | , | |
| () () : Qd = a − bP a b − , () : a − , b − |
| ; : ; |
| : | ||
| : . : | ||
| . : | ||
| Qd = f(P; Y, T, Psub, Pcom, Z, E, N, B) |
| P Y T Z Psub - Pcom E N B |
| , . , : ↓↑ P1 → ↓↑D2 ( ) | |
| , . : ↓↑ P1 → ↑ ↓ D2 ( ) |
|
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| , ( ) |
| . |
| () | , ( ) |
| ( ) | |
| () | − , |
| "" | , " " (ceteris paribus), " " (mutatis mutandis). , , . | |
| : "" , , | ||
| , .. | ||
| " " , ; | ||
| . , |
