. :
1) ( );
2) ( );
3) ( ).
,
, , , .
, , , , , . : 1) ( ), (consumption spending); 2) ( ), I (investment spending); 3) ( ), G (government spending); 4) ( ), Xn (net export)
(consumption spending ) . 2/3 3/4 :
1) , .. ( , , , , 1 5 );
2) , .. , ( , , , , ., , , );
3) (
, ). ,
= + ( ) +
(investment spending - I) . , . :
1) , :
-
- ( );
2) , ;
3) (- :
|
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- , ;
- , ;
- ( ),
(fixed investment). (inventory investment) , , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , , .
, ( ) ( ), .. , ( ), . ( ), , ( ), ..
.
(gross investment) , () (depreciation), (net investment):
I gross = A + I net
. , , , . , (depreciation). capital consumption allowances, . , . .
, . , , . I net > 0, .. ( ), I gross > A, , , . I gross = A, .. I net = 0, , , . I net < 0, I gross < A. , .. , .
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= + +
= + ( )
(private investment), .. ( ), , .
, , .. , .
(government spending - G), :
- ( , , , , , () );
- ( )
(government spending) (government spendings). , , , , , .
(net export). (export) (import) : Xn = Ex Im.
= () +
(I gross) + (G) + (Xn)
. , .. , ( ). :
(wages and salaries), , .. ( , , , ..) . , . ( , , ( ) );
(rental payments) , ( , ). , , , , . .
(percent payments), , . , , , , , ;
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, .. . - :
- , () . (proprietors income);
- , ( ). . :
1) ( );
2) ( ), ;
3) , , ,
( , , ) .
, , , , , .
. . . , , . . . , , , . , . , , , . , , , , .
, () ( ), .
, . , ( ), () ().
,
= + + + + + + +
( ). , 7 , , , , ... .
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, , , ( ). , , , .. , . , , , . , 1 ( )
8
9 9
3 3 3
5 5 5 5
$25 ( $25), : $5 + $3 ($8 - $5) + $9 ($17 - $8) + $8 ($25 - $17) = $25, : $5 + $3 + $9 + $8 = $25. , - $25.
5 : , , .
, (. . 27.2):
. 27.2.
1. () (Gross Domestic Product ¾ GDP) ¾ , , .
, , ¾ . , - , , . . . , , .
= ¾ . , . , , . : ¾ (1%), .
2. () (Net National Product ¾ NNP) , , , :
= - .
3. () (National Income ¾ NI) ¾ , , , . , . , :
= - .
, .
4. () (Personal Income ¾ PI) ¾ . , , : , , , , , . . ¾ . = + .
5. () (Disposibl Income ¾ DI), , ¾ , . . = - ().
, , .
, . .