.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





. :

1) ( );

2) ( );

3) ( ).

,

, , , .

, , , , , . : 1) ( ), (consumption spending); 2) ( ), I (investment spending); 3) ( ), G (government spending); 4) ( ), Xn (net export)

(consumption spending ) . 2/3 3/4 :

1) , .. ( , , , , 1 5 );

2) , .. , ( , , , , ., , , );

3) (

, ). ,

= + ( ) +

(investment spending - I) . , . :

1) , :

-

- ( );

2) , ;

3) (- :

- , ;

- , ;

- ( ),

(fixed investment). (inventory investment) , , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , , .

, ( ) ( ), .. , ( ), . ( ), , ( ), ..

.

(gross investment) , () (depreciation), (net investment):

I gross = A + I net

. , , , . , (depreciation). capital consumption allowances, . , . .

, . , , . I net > 0, .. ( ), I gross > A, , , . I gross = A, .. I net = 0, , , . I net < 0, I gross < A. , .. , .

= + +

= + ( )

(private investment), .. ( ), , .

, , .. , .

(government spending - G), :

- ( , , , , , () );

- ( )

(government spending) (government spendings). , , , , , .

(net export). (export) (import) : Xn = Ex Im.

= () +

(I gross) + (G) + (Xn)

. , .. , ( ). :

(wages and salaries), , .. ( , , , ..) . , . ( , , ( ) );

(rental payments) , ( , ). , , , , . .

(percent payments), , . , , , , , ;

, .. . - :

- , () . (proprietors income);

- , ( ). . :

1) ( );

2) ( ), ;

3) , , ,

( , , ) .

, , , , , .

. . . , , . . . , , , . , . , , , . , , , , .

, () ( ), .

, . , ( ), () ().

,

= + + + + + + +

( ). , 7 , , , , ... .

, , , ( ). , , , .. , . , , , . , 1 ( )

8

9 9

3 3 3

5 5 5 5

 

$25 ( $25), : $5 + $3 ($8 - $5) + $9 ($17 - $8) + $8 ($25 - $17) = $25, : $5 + $3 + $9 + $8 = $25. , - $25.

5 : , , .

, (. . 27.2):

. 27.2.

1. () (Gross Domestic Product ¾ GDP) ¾ , , .

, , ¾ . , - , , . . . , , .

= ¾ . , . , , . : ¾ (1%), .

2. () (Net National Product ¾ NNP) , , , :

= - .

3. () (National Income ¾ NI) ¾ , , , . , . , :

= - .

, .

4. () (Personal Income ¾ PI) ¾ . , , : , , , , , . . ¾ . = + .

5. () (Disposibl Income ¾ DI), , ¾ , . . = - ().

, , .

, . .

 

 





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