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541.6 (75.8)
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( 8 15.04.2010 .)
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541.6 (75.8)
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IJ
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................................................................................................................................................... 4
1. 쳿............................................................................................................ 5
1.1. - ........................................................... 5
1.2. ......................................................................................................... 6
1.3. ......................................................................................................... 10
1.4. ........................................................................................... 11
2. 쳿.................................................................................................................... 14
2.1. ......................................................................................................... 14
2.2. ........................................................................................................... 15
2.3. .......................................................................................................... 16
|
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2.4. ................................................................................. 18
2.5. ................................................................................................................ 20
3. ................................................................................................. 27
4. 쳿............................................................................ 30
4.1. ...................................................... 31
5. ...................................... 33
5.1. ................................................................................................................................... 34
5.2. .................................................................................................................................. 35
5.3. .......................................................................................................... 36
5.4. ......................................................................................................................................... 37
5.4.1. .................................................................................................................... 37
5.4.2. ........................................................................................................................ 39
5.4.3. .................................................................................................................... 40
6. ........................................................................................................... 42
6.1. ó ...................................................................................................................... 43
6.2 ...................................................................................................... 44
7. ............................................................................................... 46
1.......................................................................................................................................... 50
2.......................................................................................................................................... 51
3.......................................................................................................................................... 51
........................................................................................................................... 52
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dz . , . , . 쳿 , , 쳿. , . .
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4. ϳ , , .
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. - (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Ra).
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( ) , .
.
. , . (F) (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) . , , 1:1, : HF, NaH.
, : , Cd, Sr, Zn, Ca, Mg, Ba, Be. (CaH2, MgF2, H2O, Na2O), 璺 () 1:1, CaO.
, (Al, Ga), 璺 1:3 (, AlH3, GaF3), 2:3 (, Al2O3). . . .
. (VII) . , . () : = 27 = 14. :
: Z (Mn) = 14: 7 = 2.
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: Z () = 14: 2 = 7.
³ .
, , .
(..) , , , .
-, ( , ). . .
, () , . :
1) 0: H20, F20, N20, C0, S0, Me0 (Fe0, Al0 .);
2) : +1 (Li+1, Na+1, K+1, Rb+1, Cs+1); s- +2 (Be+2, Mg+2, Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2); +3 (Al+3, Ga+3);
3) ó (H) .. +1 (H+1F, H2+1O, H2+1S), .. ó -1 (NaH-1, CaH2-1);
4) F .. -1, () ,
(F) = 4,0;
5) .. -2 ( , -1: H2+1O2-1, Na2+1O2-1, O+2F2-1, .. +2).
.
.. , Na2S2O7, BaFeO4 Na2HPO3. : +2; : +1; ó: +1 : -2, , , 0:
Na2+1S2XO7-2: (+1) + 2x + 7(-2) = 0, x = +6.
Ba+2FeXO4-2: 1(+2) + x + 4(-2) = 0, x = +6.
Na2+1H+1PO3-2: 2(+1) + 1(+1) + x + 3(-2) = 0, x = +5.
() , . ϳ 䳿 璺 , ó . (), (). Z , , ; .
(H, F, Li, K, Na, Cs) : .
.
, NF3, H2O, AsF3, SF4, NO2, , , , :
1.
NF3 | H2O | AsF3 | SF4 | NO2 | |
Z(F) = I Z(N) = III | Z(H) = I Z(O) = II | Z(F) = I Z(As) = III | Z(F) = I Z(S) = IV | Z(O) = II Z(N) = IV | |
, | ֳ () | ֳ () ó | ֳ () | ֳ () | |
ͳ | ͳ |
() . , , NF3 () ͳ ():
. 1. NF3.