.
.
.
() , . .
, .
, .
, .. :
, ,
.
, .
.
, , , .. .
, , .
, dN, dt, N, :
dN = -λNdt, (1)
λ , . [λ] = -1. 1 .
τ = 1 / λ .
(1) 1- . (1) N . , : t = 0, N = N0 :
lnN lnN0 = = -λt.
:
. (2)
. N , t.
t :
ΔN = N0 - N = N0 - N0e-λt = N0(1-e-λt). (3)
, λ . , . λ, .
: 0,5N0 = N0 e -λ. : = ln2 / λ = 0,693/λ
|
|
. (4)
(4) :
. (5)
, , = 3,0410-4 , = 4,5109 . , ( = ., ., ) ( = , ,).
, . .2 , 2 = 21.
, , . , :
, 9)
dN dt.
(). , 1 = 1 / 1. : 1 = 103 ; 1 = 106 .
(u). 1 . 1 1 3,71010 , u: 1 u = 3,71010 . 1 Ku . : 1u = 10-3 u; 1u = 10-6 .
. (4):
, . (10)
(.3).
, , .. , .
, , , , . (, , ). :
/m, , / .
/V; ; /, u/.
/S; ; /2, u/2.
/S; , ; /(.2).
.