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β2AR-Gs-

, -

 

 

 

E/DRY-, -3, , -6. a- G-.

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

Nb80- β2- .

 

 

 

δ-

 

 

A2A- ( ).

 

Overall architecture of the 5-HT1B receptor bound to ERG and comparison of the ligand binding pocket shapes of the 5-HT1B receptor and the 5-HT2B receptor

Comparison of ligand-receptor interactions in 5-HT1B/ERG and 5-HT2B/ERG structures. (DandE) Diagram representation of ligand interactions in the binding pockets of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptors

 

 

G-

Quot;G protein" usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins. These proteins are activated by G protein-coupled receptors and are made up of alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) subunits, the latter two referred to as the beta-gamma complex.

Alpha subunits

Reconstitution experiments carried out in the early 1980s showed that purified Gα subunits can directly activate effector enzymes. The GTP form of the α subunit of transducin (Gt) activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from retinal rod outer segments, and the GTP form of the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gs) activates hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase.

Gα subunits consist of two domains, the GTPase domain, and the alpha-helical domain. There exist at least 20 different Gα subunits, which are separated into four main families. This nomenclature is based on their sequence homologies:

G-protein-family α-subunit Gene Signal transduction Use/Receptors (examples) Effects (examples)
Gi-family
Gi/o αi, αo GNAO1, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 Inhibition of adenylate cyclase, opens K+-channels (via β/γ subunits), closes Ca2+-channels Muscarinic M2 and M4, chemokine receptors, α2-Adrenoreceptors, Serotonin 5-HT1 receptors, Histamine H3 and H4, Dopamine D2-like receptors Smooth muscle contraction, depress neuronal activity
Gt αt (Transducin) GNAT1, GNAT Activation of phosphodiesterase 6 Rhodopsin Vision
Ggust αgust (Gustducin) GNAT3 Activation of phosphodiesterase 6 Taste receptors Taste
Gz αz GNAZ Inhibition of adenylate cyclase ? Maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids.
Gs-family
Gs αs GNAS Activation of adenylate cyclase Beta-adrenoreceptors; Serotonin 5-HT4, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7; Dopamine D1-like receptors, Histamine H2 Increase heart rate, Smooth muscle relaxation, stimulate neuronal activity
Golf αolf GNAL Activation of adenylate cyclase olfactory receptors Smell
Gq-family
Gq αq, α11, α14, α15, α16 GNAQ, GNA11, GNA14, GNA15 Activation of phospholipase C α1-Adrenoreceptors, Histamine H1, Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, Muscarinic M1 M3, and M5 Smooth muscle contraction, Ca2+ flux
G12/13-family
G12/13 α12, α13 GNA12, GNA13 Activation of the Rho family of GTPases   Cytoskelatal functions, Smooth muscle contraction

 

 

 

β2AR-Gs-

 

) unbiased (R*), β--biased (R**). β- (β-arr* β-arr**), . (b) unbiased β--biased , , β--biased .

 

 



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