| Public education at all levels in the US is the responsibility of individual states. Education is provided to all children from the age of 5 to 18 in the public school system. Education is compulsory until the age of 16. After 6 years in elementary school children go on to junior high (or middle school) and then to high school for another 6 years. The usual plan for dividing schools is: 6 years of elementary school, 3 years of junior high and 3 years of high school. Those who complete the full high school programme receive a high school diploma. The subjects children learn are much the same as in other countries. Schoolchildren can learn one foreign language for 2 years. Today there is a strong emphasis on science, mathematics and foreign languages and the knowledge of other peoples and cultures. About half of the young people today who finish secondary school go on to community colleges which provide two years of higher education at minimal cost. State colleges and universities provide four years of higher education necessary to receive a bachelor's degree, as well as additional education for a master's degree. | . 5 18 . 16- . 6 ( ), 6 . : 6 , 3 3 . , . , . 2 . , . , , , . , , . |
TOPIC 6. MY UNIVERSITY.
| The Mechanical-Machine-Building Institute was opened in Chelyabinsk in December 1943. It was formed on the basis of Chelyabinsk and Leningrad Tractor Plants. At that time there were only two faculties there: the Mechanical-Technological Faculty and the Automobile-and-Tractor Faculty. Only 425 students studied at the Institute in 1943. In 1951 was named the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic Institute. In 1990 it was reorganized into the Technical University, and in 1997 - into South Urals State University. At present it is one of the largest higher schools in the country. About 50,000 students and post-graduates study. The teaching staff numbers about 5000 instructors. The University provides a good engineering education. It should be noted, however, that the University trains not only engineers, but specialists in economics, finance, law, ecology, linguistics, architecture and construction, psychology. The university has 11 branch establishments around Chelyabinsk region and it is among the ten best Russian universities according to the Russian Education Department. South Urals State University is a large research center. Since 2011 our uni-versity has come to the two-level system of higher education: baccalaureate and magistracy. | - 1943 . . : - -- . 425 1943 . 1951 . 1990 , 1997 - . . 50000 . - 5000 . . , , , , , , , , , . 11 . - . 2011 : . |
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| Chemical science for a long period of development contributed to a significant development of the society through various applications of the large number of natural and synthetic materials (fuels, oils, dyes, polymers, fertilizers, pesticides, cosmetics, drugs, solvents and many more). However, by the mid-twentieth century, it became clear that the use of certain toxic substances has led to significant biodegradation of water and terrestrial ecosystems and significant deterioration of health. As examples hydrocarbon fuel combustion gives carbon dioxide affecting global climate change. In this regard, in the last two decades, several international agreements signed at the UN level. Same as the Basel Convention on toxic waste, the Paris Convention for the destruction of chemical weapons, the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer, etc. Today, there is no doubt that the most important sources of chemical poisoning of the population are: food products, which fall into various toxicants, chlorinated drinking water, containing a wide range of toxic organochlorine compounds, and air, including toxic carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc. Political and community leaders of all countries today have to realize that the most important priorities of national security are the preservation of biodiversity and the inadmissibility of the birth and upbringing in an unhealthy environment of sick children, the disease which in the future will only get worse unless we take measures to protect against chemical attack. "Chemical safety is when a man and biota not have chemical stress, ie impact of priority organic, inorganic and organometallic toxicants made a safe level, with the result that manage to maintain public health and biodiversity " | (, , , , , , , ). , , . , , . . , , . , : , , , , , , .. , , . , .. , , |
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