Chapter 6 (pages 23-29)
1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:
obstruction , ,
square ,
rectangular
circle
builders square
corner
to tie a string
equal
right angle
nail ,
loop ,
trammel
2. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:
a profile /a / can / using / moving / trammel / out / or / Curved / by / be / a / walls / set
b are / a / made / triangle / Right / traditionally / by / angles /3-4-5 / using
c on / building / of / set / profiles / outline / ground / the / fixed / and / The / with / the / out / is / lines
d by / and / center / positioned / Columns / lines / piers / using / are
e fix / two / should / at / each / One / profiles / corner
3. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:
a The diagonals of a rectangular building must be the same length.
b Rectangular buildings need fixed profiles.
c A square consists of two timber posts with a horizontal board across the top.
d The walls of a square or rectangular building must form angles of 180 degrees.
e Circular buildings also need fixed profiles.
4. Give the three forms of the following verbs, translate them into Russian:
establish, can, measure, build, be, mean, position, show, cut, attach, see, make, describe, find, assemble, give, use, nail, level, fix, bear, mark, remove, complete, locate, finish, run, drill, loop.
5. Answer the following questions:
a How to use a 3-4-5 triangle to make right angles?
b What is the alternative way of making right angles?
c How to make a profile?
d What are the steps of setting out a building?
e How to set out a moving profile for a circular building?
f What are the typical levels that need to be measured during the building process?
g What are the steps of setting up and using a site datum?
Chapter 7 (pages 30-31)
1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:
indicate ,
carry out
topsoil
stepped foundation
basement ,
to solve a problem
support ,
damage ,
firm , ,
filler
to settle
to pack tightly
Chapter 8 (pages 43-47)
1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:
slab
mesh
overlap ,
brick course
conventional ,
to overcome the problem
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bore ,
trunk ,
to contract ,
clay
moisture
black cotton soil ( )
respond ,
flint
bored (replacement) pile -
driven (displacement) pile
2. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:
solution, size, strength, short-bored, bearing capacity, piled foundations, building loads, mesh reinforcement, surface, framed buildings
a The total and the load bearing capacity of the soil are crucial for the of the pad foundation.
b The of the raft foundation is increased by .
c Poor soil conditions, lightweight , small houses usually require piled foundations..
d If the soil has a poor , raft foundations are a good .
e The should be built when the soil near the is not strong enough.
3. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:
a holes / soil / usually / The / load-bearing / trial / is / shown / depth / suitable / of / by
b thickness / should / change / strip / the / not / The / more / in / the / foundation/ be / level / than / of
c concrete / an / floor / that / of / formed / building / Raft / is / boundaries / slab / the / foundation / forms / the / ground / oversite
d be / some / pile-driving / with / auger / by / process / The / soil / an / should / removing / preceded
e piers / and / pad / free-standing / usually / Concrete / foundations / brick / supported / are / columns / by
4. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:
a Piles should be placed on the centre line of the walls that need support.
b The slab that forms the raft foundations must be thickened at the edges with an edge beam.
c The higher level foundation should extend over and meet with the lower one for a distance not less than its thickness.
d The load is distributed evenly over the ground in case a rectangular pad foundation is built.
e Bored piles are normally hammered into soft ground at measured intervals.
5. Answer the following questions:
a When and why are the stepped foundations built?
b What factors control the width and thickness of a strip foundation?
c What is a pad foundation? What is it used for?
d What are the types of piled foundations?
e When is it impossible to use piled foundations?
f What is a raft foundation?
g When is it preferable to build a raft foundation?
