1. Is the stress corrosion cracking the unexpected sudden failure of normally ductile metals?
2. What is the highly chemically specific in the certain alloys?
3. When did SCC expose to a small number of chemical environments?
4. 4 What parts can appear bright and shiny?
5. The specific environment is of crucial importance, is not it?
6. Make up 5 sentences using following words:
| Metals, chemicals, parts, bright, shiny, microscopic, common, importance, catastrophic, result. |
7. How do you say these expressions in your language?
Ductile metals
Tensile stress
Chemical environments
Microscopic cracks
Crucial importance
Small concentration
Catastrophic cracking
Stress concentration
Residual stresses
Annealing
Unit 20
Welding - Safety Rules.
1.Read, translate and remember the main welding rules:
WELDING
CAUTION: Welding can be dangerous. Any of these accidents might happen to you:
(a) you could be blinded by sparks;
(b) you could get an electric shock;
(c) your face, body, arms, legs or feet could be burnt;
(d) there could be a fire in the workshop.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. A mask or helmet must be worn in electric arc welding. (In gas welding, goggles can be used.)
2. Clothes must be kept dry and clean.
3. Thick, heavy boots must be worn.
4. These must be made of some insulating material such as rubber.
5. Gloves, and apron and a cap must be worn.
6. Overalls must have long sleeves and no pockets or cuffs.
WORKSHOP
1. The floor must be mode of concrete.
2. There must be a metal container on the floor for the sparks.
2. Answer these questions:
a) Why must you wear a mask or helmet? (ANSWER: 'Because you could / may / might')
b) Why must you keep clothes dry?
c) Why do you have to wear rubber boots?
d) Why must you wear an apron and cap?
e) Why must the floor be made of concrete?
f) Why do you need a metal container on the floor?
3. Complete the sentences:
1. Gloves, and apron and a cap must....
2. Overalls must have long sleeves and....
3. A mask or helmet must be worn in...
4. In gas welding, goggles...
5. Clothes must be kept dry...
6. Thick, heavy boots must...
4. Make up the sentences:
1. The, concrete, floor, of, must, be, made.
2. There, sparks, must, the,be, for, a, metal, on, the, floor, container.
3. Dangerous, welding, can, be, a.
4. You, sparks, could, be, blinded, by.
5. Shock, could, get, you, an, electric, shock.
5. Find the Ukrainian equivalents:
Welding
Safety rules
Protective clothing
Workshop
Helmet
Metal container
Insulating material
Heavy boots
Rubber boots
Unit 21
Boilers
1.Read and translate the text:
Boilers.
The function of the boilers is to furnish a supply of steam at the required pressure, of quality as nearly dry as possible; There are many different types of boilers and in the selection of one to work under given condition attention must be paid to:
v The suitability of the design for safety carrying the proposed steam pressure;
v The efficiency with which the potential energy of the coal or other fuel is converted into heat in the steam;
v Accessibility, both externally and internally;
v Space occupied;
v Speed with which steam can be raised, stating with cold water and fires out.
Boilers are either fire-tube or water-tube. In fire-tube boilers, the furnace gases are led through tubes around which water circulates. In water-tube boilers, the water occupies the interior of the tubes and the gases pass over them externally. In general, water-tube boilers are more suitable than fire- tube boilers for the generation of steam at very high pressures and for the fulfillment of condition (5) above. Fire-tube boilers are suitable for steady working at pressures up to say 200 lbs. per square inch, and can be constructed so as to fulfill condition (3) above very completely. The efficiency in well-designed boilers of both types is about the same. Water- tube boilers take up less space than fire -tube boilers of the same power.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the function of the boilers?
2. Are there many types of boilers and in the selection of one to work under given condition?
3. Can you tell us about fire-tube boilers?
4. What do you know about water-tube boilers?
5. What is the difference between the water-tube and fire-tube boilers?
6. Is the efficiency in well-designed boilers of both types is about the same?
3. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- Water-tube boilers take up less space than fire-tube boilers of the same power.
- In fire-tube boilers, the furnace gases are led through tubes around which water circulates.
- In water-tube boilers, the water occupies the interior of the tubes and the gases pass over them externally.
