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( , ) .

8 (). ( ). , , . 16, 32, 64 ..

. 256 ( 0 255). , IBM PC, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange ). .

-

- " ", (4 ) 0 9 0000 1001. , , 18- 10 ( ), .

. , . , . () , , , .

, , 0. .

                               
                               

.

: , , , .

, 37(10) = 100101(2) Integer ( ), 0000000000100101, LongInt ( ), 00000000000000000000000000100101. . 0025(16) 00000025(16).

:

1. ;

2. ( , );

3. .

, -37, LongInt ( ):

1. 37 (32 ) 00000000000000000000000000100101;

2. 11111111111111111111111111011010;

3. 11111111111111111111111111011011 FFFFFFDB(16).

, , . , . :

1. 1;

2. ;

3. . .

. , :

1. 0000000000010111. , . 23.

2. 1111111111000000. .

:

1) 1111111111000000(2) - 1(2) = 1111111110111111(2);

2) 0000000001000000;

3) 1000000(2) = 64(10).

: -64.

. .

M × 10p, 1 < M < 10, p . , 120100000 = 1,201 × 108. 10, 10 . 10 . : 120100000 = 1,201 × 108 = 0,1201 × 109 = 12,01 × 107. "" .

M , p . , , , , 1(10) 2(10) (1 < M < 2). , , 2.

, , . , .

( ; ):

Real 2,9×10-39..1,7×1038 11-12  
Single 1,5×10-45..3,4×1038 7-8  
Double 5,0×10-324..1,7×10308 15-16  
Extended 3,4×10-4932..1,1×104932 19-20  

Double.

, 8 . , ( ):

S
  62..52 51..0

:

1. ;

2. , .. M × 2p, M ( 1(2)) p , ;

3. ;

4. (0 ; 1 ), .

. -312,3125.

1. 100111000,0101.

2. 100111000,0101 = 1,001110000101 × 28.

3. 8 + 1023 = 1031.

1031(10) = 10000000111(2).

4.

     
  62..52 51..0

, : C073850000000000(16).

.

3FEC600000000000 (16)

     
  62..52 51..0

1. , , 63 .

: 01111111110(2) = 1022(10); 1022 - 1023 = -1.

2. 1,1100011 × 2-1 0,11100011.

3. 0,88671875.

 



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