Страдательный залог с предлогами by и with. Если говорится о том, кем совершается действие, выраженное страдательным оборотом, то употребляется предлог by + agent (исполнитель действия).
I was hit by a burglar
Если речь идет не об исполнителе, а об орудии, инструменте или веществе, при помощи которого совершается действие, то употребляется предлог with + instrument (or material or ingredient)
I was hit on the head with a hammer.
Irish coffee is made with whisky.
Если необходимо выяснить кем или при помощи чего выполнено действие, то вопросительное предложение начинается с вопросительных слов who или what, а предлоги by и with ставятся в конце предложения.
These photos were taken by my sister. Who were the photos taken by?
These photos were taken with a cheap camera. What were the photos taken with?
Exercise 7. Put in the propositions by and with.
1. She was surrounded ….. an admiring crowd.
2. The houses were surrounded ….. barbed wire fences.
3. Injured refugees were treated ….. a Red Cross doctor.
4. Sue has been picked ….. selectors for the national team.
5. The new shopping centre was opened ….. the local MP.
6. Two birds can’t be killed ….. one stone.
7. The road had been blocked ….. a fallen tree.
8. The message was written in the sand ….. a stick.
9. Thirty houses were destroyed ….. the tornado.
10. Several new proposals are being considered ….. the committee.
11. The room had been decorated ….. balloons.
12. The streets were jammed ….. cars.
13. The window was broken ….. a slate that fell off the roof.
14. Hell is paved ….. good intentions.
15. The huge stadium was slowly being filled ….. the crowd.
16. The little boat was overturned ….. a huge wave.
Exercise 8. Rewrite these questions in the passive.
1. When did they appoint Richard chairman?
2. Who invented the first radio?
3. Will they publish her new book next month?
4. Had they informed the police about the accident?
5. Who wrote “Macbeth”?
6. How much money did they steal?
7. Will Charles water the plants?
8. What damaged the roof of your house?
9. Who frightened you?
10. When did they deliver the goods?
11. What did they treat you with in the hospital?
12. Will they have completed the motorway by Christmas?
13. Has anyone seen Chris this morning?
14. When will they send the e-mail?
15. Did they show the fire on the news?
16. Who decorated your Christmas tree?
17. When did the wind blow down the tree?
18. Did the news about the exam distress Sydney?
2. Страдательный залог, образующийся при помощи вспомогательного глагола get.
Иногда вместо глагола be для образования страдательного залога используется глагол get.
There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)
I don’t often get invited to parties. (= I’ m not often invited).
I’m surprised Ann didn’t get offered the job. (... Ann wasn’t offered the job).
Глагол get используется в тех случаях, когда действие происходит случайно или неожиданно и характерно главным образом для разговорного языка.
Глагол get используется также в сочетаниях get married, get divorced, get dressed, get changed, которые совпадают со страдательным залогом лишь по форме.
Exercise 9. Complete the sentences using get/got + one of these verbs (in the correct form):
Ask run over break damage frighten choose hurt pay steal sting stop cut off
There was a fight at the party but nobody …...
Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
How did that window _____?
We ….. in the middle of the call.
I used to have a bicycle but it _____.
Last night I _____ by the police as I was driving home.
How much did you _____ last month?
Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want them to _____.
People often want to know what my job is. I often _____ that question.
My dog _____ by a removal van.
I always _____for the unpleasant jobs.
They _____ by a sudden explosion.
