, . 11, - . , , - , 㳿. , , . 11, .
, , , . , 45 , 㳺 . ҳ , , , , 㳺 , , . , , . ҳ , 㳿 , , . , 㳿, .
( 9)
, . , (2-4 ). , , , . ֳ , , , (. 12).
(. . 12, ). - , , - , '. , . , ~ 10 1-2 (. . 12, ). - .
( 10)
Li , , . .
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:
1) . λ () , λ = 5-25 Å λ = 40-100 Å .
2) : , ﳿ.
3) . .
, 㳺 hν .
г , , 㳿, :
hν = KE + BEj + φ, (2)
- , j ( . Binding energy) - ' j , , φ - ( ). (2) , - 㳺 ' BEj < hν, .
ϳ j- . , k, , ' ΔBE = BEj - BEk. hv = ΔBE ( ), l BE l < ΔBE. , - j, k l, - 㳺
KEjkl ≈ BEj - BEk - BEl - φ. (3)
- , , . . 13.
( 11, 12) , - (. 14).
㳿 ' . 15. , , - (.15,). 㳿 ' .
ʳ , , (2),
KE = hv-BE-φ, (4)
φ - . φsp , , 㳿. г φ - φsp Evac, 㳿, = 0, . , KE ' , (2.3), φ - φsp:
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KE'= hv - BE- φsp,
KE'+ φsp = KE + φ. (5)
, ' 㳿 KE ' sp φ ( , , , Au4f7/2): BE = hv-KE'-φsp. (6)
, KE = 0 = hv, 쳿 㳿 ' . ( ) ( 5 ÷ 10 ) . - . ˳ . . . 2 .
( 13) . 16 - LIII Z.
. 17 α Z. . , 㳿 .
ﳿ Al. :
1) ;
2) , Kα(Al), (1,5 ), , , , . .
( 14) .
. 18 . MgKα 㳺 hv = 1253.6 (FAT).
㳿 ' BE = hv - KE-φ. 㳿 ' , BE = hv-φ. .
1. , 㳿 - - . , 㳿, , BEj 㳿 ' . , 㳿 , 㳿 ( 㳿 '). .
2. :
) BE ~ 20 ÷ hv ;
) BE ~ 0 ÷ 10 ;
) -, . . , , :
- - ;
- ;
- ;
- (shake-up) (shake-off).