, ! , .:) , - Wi-Fi, ( ). , ! , , , .
, Wi-Fi . !
, WiFi Ethernet: , , ( ).
WiFi :
1. WiFi
2. ( 8 )
3. WiFi (Infrastructure)
4. WiFi .
OSI. . HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet. ;
(Application layer). (7-) , . , , , . , . : HTTP, POP3, SMTP.
DNS (. Domain Name System ) . IP- ( ), , (SRV-).
DNS DNS-, .
DNS . , , ( ), (), .
TELNET
( , ) , .
Telnet . . , . Telnet- , , Windows 98.
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Telnet , , (Start) (Run) , , : telnet lib.ru
( lib.ru , , .) Telnet, .
HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ) TCP/IP - . HTTP Web-. HTTP . HTTP World Wide Web.
HTTP, , HTTP-. Web- , - , Web-.
, Web-, - - - (HyperText Markup Language, HTML).
, HTTP, : http://www.tut.by
FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol - ) . . , FTP- : ftp://ftp.netscape.com
OSI. . PRC, NetBEUI. ;
(Session layer). 5- , . / , , , . , .
( ) ( . Remote Procedure Call (RPC)) , ( , ). , RPC : - ( , RPC). RPC : SOA, CORBA DCOM. RPC TCP UDP, , HTTP ( ISO/OSI, HTTP ).
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) IBM/PC, , -. Sytek Corporation IBM 1983 . (. NetBIOS interface), TCP UDP.
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NetBIOS , / NetBEUI, IPX TCP/IP; Windows NetBEUI IPX, Windows TCP/IP. NetBEUI IPX NetBIOS ( SPX ), TCP/IP TCP, NBT.
NetBIOS (API) - . , NetBIOS API , , .
NetBIOS , / OSI. , NBFP (NetBEUI) NetBT - , NetBIOS. NetBIOS . , NetBIOS NetBIOS API .
NetBIOS :
;
;
;
;
.
OSI. . TCP, UDP, SPX. ;
(Transport layer). 4- , , , . , , , . , , , . -. : TCP, UDP
TCP (. Transmission Control Protocol, ) , TCP/IP.
IP.
TCP , , , UDP, .
TCP, , , TCP .
, TCP , , -. TCP (, , ). TCP , ,
UDP (. User Datagram Protocol ) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, . UDP ( ) IP- . . 1980 RFC 768.
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UDP , , . , UDP , , . UDP , , . UDP, , , . TCP SCTP, .
UDP , , DNS IPTV, Voice over IP, IP -.
IPX/SPX ( . Internetwork Packet eXchange/Sequenced Packet eXchange - / ) , Novell NetWare. IPX ( , IP), SPX (TCP).
OSI. . X.25, IP, IPX. ;
(. network layer) . , , , .
. () ( OSI).
X.25 OSI. WAN , . . Frame Relay.
X.25 (Permanent Virtual Circuits, PVC Switched Virtual Circuits, SVC) , X.25- (Logical Channel Identifier, LCI) (Logical Channel Number, LCN).
Internet Protocol (IP, . ) TCP/IP. IP , . (. IP-).
IP , IPv4. IP IP- 4 (4 ). . , , ( A, B, C; , ).
IP- (-, . Internet Protocol Address) , IP
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IP- , , IP
OSI. . Ethernet, TokenRing, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.5. ;
, 0 1 . . / :
0 1
Ethernet ([ˈiːθərˌnɛt] . ether [ˈiːθər] ) .
Ethernet , OSI. Ethernet IEEE 802.3. Ethernet 1990- , , Arcnet Token ring.
Token Ring, IEEE 802.5. (LAN) , (DLL) OSI. , , . . .
(LAN) Token Ring , , . ARCNET, , FDDI, CSMA/CD Ethernet. (MTU) 4464 .
IEEE 802.3( )
IEEE 802.3 IEEE , , media access control (MAC) data link layer, Ethernet. , LAN WAN . / (, , s) .
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