The operating system is the most important program that (develops, navigates, manages, runs) on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an (application, graphic user, operating, software) system to run other programs.
As computers have progressed and (developed, handled, determined, shared) so have the operating systems. There are the following (vital, basic, initial, internal) types of different operating systems. Many computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below categories.
GUI is short for Graphical User Interface. A GUI Operating System contains graphics and (devices, lines, icons, input) and is commonly (attached, navigated, interacted, managed) by using a computer (input, output, interface, mouse). Multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer (concurrently, initially, instantly, directly). An operating system capable of supporting and (handling, processing, loading, utilizing) more than one computer processor is called (multitasking, multithreading, multiprocessing, vital). An operating system is characterized as (multiprocessing, multitasking, general-purpose, graphical) when it is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time. An operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently may be (defined, contained, run, applied) as (multi-user, multithreading, basic, concurrent).
Operating Systems Windows and Linux
Remember the following words and word combinations.
1. kernel - ядро
2. comprehensive – универсальный, комплексный
3. extendible - расширяемый
4. conform, v - соответствовать
5. port, v - переносить
6. predominance - господство
7. swipe, v – сдвинуть (активный экран)
8. built-in support – встроенная поддержка
Read and translate the text.
Text 2
Linux
Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's kernel was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland. To complete the operating system, Torvalds and other team members made use of system components developed by members of the Free Software Foundation for the GNU Project.
Linux is a remarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user interface, an X Window System, TCP/IP, the Emacs editor, and other components usually found in a comprehensive Unix system.
Unlike Windows and other proprietary systems, Linux is publicly open and extendible by contributors. Because it conforms to the Portable Operating System Interface standard user and programming interfaces, developers can write programs that can be ported to other operating systems. Linux comes in versions for all the major microprocessor platforms including the Intel, PowerPC, Sparc, and Alpha platforms.
Linux is sometimes suggested as a possible publicly-developed alternative to the desktop predominance of Microsoft Windows. Although Linux is popular among users already familiar with Unix, it remains far behind Windows in numbers of users. However, its use in the business enterprise is growing.
Windows 8
The next major release of the Microsoft Windows operating system, Windows 8 officially debuted on October 26th, 2012.
According to Microsoft, Windows 8 is a completely redesigned operating system developed from the ground up with touchscreen use in mind as well as near-instant-on capabilities that enable a Windows 8 PC to load and start up in a matter of seconds rather than in minutes.
Windows 8 replaces the more traditional Microsoft Windows OS look and feel with a new design system interface named “Metro”. The Metro user interface primarily consists of a "Start screen" made up of “Live Tiles”, which are links to applications and features that are dynamic and update in real time. Users will also be able to switch between apps in Metro by simply swiping across the screen.
Windows 8 also features the latest Internet Explorer Web browser, as well as integrated cc like Microsoft’s app store and Office 365. The new operating system will also likely add built-in support for newer technologies like USB 3.0 and Bluetooth 3.0.
