Huawei Technologies CO.,Ltd.
1 ........................................................ 1
2 GSM ......................................................................................................... 7
3 ................................................................................................... 24
4 ......................................................... 34
5 ......................................................................................... 47
6 .......................................................................................................... 63
7 ................................................................................................... 73
GSM
c RF . RF . ( ), . , . GSM 25 M. , 45 . , ( BTS MS) 935-960M. , ( MS BTS) 890-915. 200 .
. , 124
DCS1800 75 . 95 . ( BTS MS) 1805-1880M. ( MS BTS) 1710-1785M. 200, GSM. . , DSC1800 374 .
DSC 1800 , GSM 900. DSC 1800 , , GSM 900 .
. . . , . , .
, , . , , ..
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, . , . 120 , . , .
, , , . . .
. , . 4*3. , 4 3 . 4 . , .
GSM
GSM . GSM : BSS, NSS, OMC.
(MS) , . BSS . , . BSC ( ) BTS ( ).
NSS . NSS MSC/VLR, HLR/AuC/EIR. NSS GSM. MSC . HLR . AuC . EIR . MSC GSM PSTN .
OMC . . OMC BSS NSS LAN WAN.
, (ME) SIM . . , .. , . GSM . (IMEI).
SIM - , . . (IMSI). . SIM . SIM , .
SIM , , . SIM :
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(IMSI) .
(TMSI) , , , .
(LAI) .
(Ki) SIM .
ISDN (MSISDN) . , .
SIM ( Ki IMSI). ( LAI) .
SIM . SIM PIN ( ). PIN SIM . SIM , Ki.
BSS .
BSS :
BSC BSS MSC. BSC BTS.
BTS RF . . BTS.
(TC) . 64 / 16 /.
Sub- , MSC BTS. BSS MSC. , SM .
, PSTN 64 /. MSC , . . , MSC , GSM . , 64 / 13 / 3.6/6/12 /. .
MSC, BSC. MSC, 13 / 16 /, 64 / . 2 /c, 30 , 120 GSM. , .
, MSC 2 /c .
GSM . , . - GSM . :
- MSC
- - HLR
- VLR
- EIR
- AUC
- - IWF
- - EC
, NSS . HLR, VLR, EIR. HLR, AuC EIR . , MSC VLR . , .
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, , , MSC. MSC PSTN, .
MSC GSM . .
MSC , . MSC PSTN, Gateway MSC (GMSC). . GSM , , MSC. MSC , . MSC:
1. , MSC, handover- .
2. , , .
3. , GSM .
4. .
HLR . . .
HLR :
1. (ID)
2. VLR ( )
3. (, )
4. (/ )
5.
6. (TMSI)
7. (MSRN)
HLR . MSC VLR . The HLR database contains the master database of all the subscribers in GSM system.
HLR. HLR.
IMSI, MSISDN . MSC VLR , MSC VLR , .
VLR HLR. , VLR. , VLR . , HLR. VLR :
- (// ..)
- (LAI)
- (TMSI)
- (MSRN)
EIR . . :
1 (WHITE LIST) , .
2. (BLACK LIST) IMEI , , , , .
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3. (GREY LIST) IMEI , (, ). , .
(AUC) - . . , HLR. , , .
, , SIM , HLR. :
- AUC .
- , , (Ki) SIM .
- . (SRES), AUC. (Kc), SIM . , .
(SRES) AUC . SRES, AUC . . BTS, .
. .
IWF - GSM .
IWF:
. , GSM .
MSC PSTN. , PSTN . , GSM , , . 180 .
. , . . PSTN 2- 4- . , . c PSTN PSTN - . GSM , .
(OMC) GSM . OMC , GSM , MSC, HLR, BSC BTS. OMC , , .
OMC GSM, , OMC . , OMC OMC . OMC . , NMC. NMC . NMC .
OMC:
- OMC (R)
- OMC (S)
, , , .
OMC.
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GSM , GSM. . , BSS Motorola HUAWEI.
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GSM . GSM.
Name | Interface |
Um Abis A B C D E F G H | MS Û BTS BTS Û BSC BSC ÛMSC MSCÛVLR MSCÛHLR VLR ÛHLR MSCÛMSC MSCÛEIR VLR ÛVLR HLR ÛAUC |
. GSM Um , .
GSM ITU , . , 2/ . , PSTN MSC, MSC MSC, MSC BSC BTS BSC. MSC IWF.
2 /.
2.048 / 30 64/, 2 .
SSC7, LAPD X.25. 2 / GSM .
GSM , X.25 TCP/IP. OMC , OMC, BSC ..
OKC7 GSM , GSM PSTN.
, , CCS7.
CCS7 7 OCI . CCS7 .
- , MTP-1. 2 /.
- . MTP-2.
OCI MTP3 SCCP.
4 6 CCS7 GSM.
, TUP, ISUP, MAP, TCAP BSSAP.
, OKC7.
MTP Message Transfer Part
TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part
SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part
TUP Telephone User Part
ISUP ISDN User Part
MAP Mobile Application Part
BSSAP Base Station System Application Part
BSSMAP BSS Management Application Part
DTAP Direct Transfer Application Part
SSC7.
OKC7 GSM .
PSTN. TUP ISUP Telephone User Part ISDN User Part .
MSC BSC Base Station System Management Application Part (BSSMAP). Direct Transfer Application Part (DTAP) MSC . MAP MSC VLR, EIR HLR
Abis BSC BTS. GSM , . . BTS BSC . BSC BTS .
Abis . GSM LAPD Abis .
LAPD .
. , , , .
6 :
(System area), (PLMN service area), MSC (MSC service area), (Location area), (Base station area), (radio cell).
1. . , PSTN ISDN , , .
2. , . HLR. . MSC.
3. MSC , . . MSC .
4. , , . .
5. , . , .
6. - , . , .
B GSM , , .
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR. CC+NDC+LSP.
Country Code. 86.
NDC - National Destination Code. Chaina Mobile NDC 139, 138, 137, 136, 135.
LSP - Locally Significant Part. .
MSC/VLR 86-139-00311. MSC VLR , MSC VLR .
HLR HLR.
:CC+NDC+H0 H1 H2 H3 0000.
CC Country Code. "86" .
NDC National Destination Code. China Mobile 139,138,137,136,135.
H0H1H2H3 .
HLR 86-139-0666-0000.
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identification - GSM. . IMSI SIM . MSISDN HLR VLR. .
MCC - Mobile Country Code 3 . : MCC "460".
MNC - Mobile Network Code 2 . : MNC China Mobile "00".
MSIN - Mobile Subscriber Identification Number. H1H2H3 S ABCDEF. H1H2H3 HLR.
NMSI - National Mobile Subscriber Identification. MNC MSIN NMSI.
IMSI: 460-00 666-9777001
, IMSI 15 .
MSISDN :
1.
2. MSC/Gateway MSC HLR .
MSISDN , HLR VLR. MAP . MSISDN .
CC - Country Code. ( "86").
NDC - National Destination Code. (139, 138, 137, 136, 135 China Telecom).
SN - Subscriber Number ( ). H0 H1 H2 H3 ABCD
: MSISDN: 86-139-0666-1234
IMEI - International Mobile Station Equipment Identification. . IMSI IMEI. IMSI , IMEI .
IMEI .
TAC - Type approval code. .
FAC - Final assembly code. .
SNR - Serial number. MS.
SP - .
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification.
1. TMSI .
2. VLR TMSI HLR.
3. TMSI , . TMSI ; .
4. TMSI 4 (8 16- ) .
MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number
HON Hand-over Number
MSRN . HLR VLR MSRN. MSRN HLR. HLR MSRN MSC . MSRN MSC, . MSRN .
Handover, , MS MSC , MSC VLR MSC HON (handoff number), .
, MSRN HON .
MSRN/HON CC+NDC+ . CC NDC MSISDN. MSRN/HON. MSRN/HON MSC .
LAI Location Area Identification - . LAI - .
VLR LAI LAI , LAI VLR. VLR VLR HLR.
LAI .
MCC - Mobile Country Code, 3- .
: MCC "460"
MNC - Mobile Network Code, 2- .
: MNC China Mobile "00"
LAC - Location Area Code. 2- BCD (hex).
0000 FFFF .
: LAI: 460-00-0011
CGI Cell Global Identification ( ). CGI .
LAI+CI,
LAI - Location Area Identification
CI - Cell Identity ( ). 2 BCD (hex) LAI.
CGI: 460-00-0011-0001
RSZI Regional Subscription Zone Identity . .
RSZI.
CC NDC MSISDN.
ZC (Zone Code): VLR.
BSIC Base Station Identification Color Code ( ).
BSIC .
NCC----PLMN . 3 PLMN.
BCC----BTS color code ( BTS). 3 . .
: . , . . , .
.
GSM 8 . . . (Time Division Multiple Access - TDMA). . 0 7. TDMA.
(0-7) . TDMA , . , .
, . GSM .
.
. TCH/F 22.8 /. TCH 13 /, 9.6 /, 4.8 /, 2.4 /.
TCH/H 11.4 /. 4.8 2.4 /.
:
TCH/FS
TCH/HS
TCH/F9.6 9.6K /
TCH/F4.8 4.8 /
TCH/F2.4 2.4 /
TCH/H4.8 4.8 /
TCH/H2.4 2.4 /
:
- Broadcast Control Channel BCCH ( )
- Common Control Channel CCCH ( )
- Dedicated Control Channel - DCCH ( )
- Associated Control Channel ACCH ( )
.
BCCH BTS . , BCCH BCCH . BCCH ( 30 ) . BCCH :
1. Location Area identity (LAI)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. DTX
7. ( , call barring)
BCCH .
Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH) , , SCH. FCCH , . SCH , .
Synchronization Channel (SCH) , TDMA. :
1.
2. Base Site Identity Code (BSIC)
BCCH 6 . SCH , .
CCCH BTS. .
:
Random Access Control Channel (RACH) , . , .
Paging Channel (PCH) BTS, .
Access Granted Control Channel (AGCH) BTS. AGCH Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH).
Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH) . CBCH SDCCH.
BCCH CCCH. CCCH BCCH.
Dedicated control channels (DCCH) , handoff:
Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) . call forwarding .
Associated Control Channels ACCH
SDCCH TCH.
Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) (RSSI) BTS.
Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) TCH. FACCH TCH . FACCH handover.
. :
1. Full Rate Traffic Channel Combination - TCH8/FACCH + SACCH
2. Broadcast Channel Combination - BCCH + CCCH
3. Dedicated Channel Combination - SDCCH8 + SACCH8
4. Combined Channel Combination - BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH4 + SACCH4
, .
.
. . - . .
Traffic | Any time slot |
Broadcast | 0,2,4,6(0 must be used first) |
Dedicated | Any time slot |
Combined | 0 only |
.
, .
, TDMA . . .
, TDMA . 26 .
, . , TDMA .
, 26 , (TCH / SACCH / FACCH). , FACCH .
FACCH TCH, .
13- SACCH (Slow Associated Control Channel), , . , 26 .
51 , , 26 . .
.
( BSS MS) . (, , SCH FCCH), (, BCCH).
( MS BSS), RACH , RACH BCCH/CCCH , .
51 8 SDCCH. , 102 . .
, 8 SACCH 8 SDCCH. , SDCCH SACCH, .
51 . BCCH SDCCH , , , , . . .
SDCCH 51 . 102 .
.
, . . , 1326 TDMA (2651). TDMA "", 6.12 . , . "" BCCH .
, .
2048 , frequency hopping. 3 , frequency hopping .
, :
1. (AM)
2. (FM)
3. (PM)
, .
GSM . , . , .
- , GSM .
Phase Shift Keying.
. , . . . , GSM , . GSM Gaussian Shift Keying(GMSK). . , . GMSK . , . .
, GSM , . , . .
GSM .
1. .
2. - VAD
3. - DTX
4. - DRX
- GSM , , BTS. .
.
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) .
BSS BTS. BSS. BTS BSS. BTS.
- VAD .
VAD 500 /c 13 /. , .
- DTX . , . DTX , . DTX . , .
DTX .
(DRX) , . , BCCH BCCH, FCCH SCH . (BCCH, CCCH). .
, . , (, ).
. , , . GSM , . , Diversity Frequency Hopping.
. , , . , .
Diversity . , , . , .
.
Frequency hopping ( ), BTS . GSM , , .
Frequency hopping , 'frequency hopping table'.
, BCCH Frequency hopping, . Frequency hopping, Synthesizer Hopping Baseband Hopping. . .
Synthesizer Hopping . Baseband Hopping , . hopping .
. GSM . GSM, GSM .
GSM .
GSM . 2000 200 . 2001 300 .
, . . . , . , . , , .
. . . , . . .
. GSM DCS 1800 . GPRS, 2.5. 115 /.
(3G) .
GSM. 2/.
:
:
1 . .
2 GSM .
3 GSM.
4 , GSM.
5 .
6 . .
7 .
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