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. , . , , . , , , , () , .

, , . , , , , , .

, , . . , .

. 2.1 .

 

, q.. . Σl (. . 2.1):

Σl = l1-2+l2-3+l2-6+l3-4+l6-4+ l7-6+l7-1, (2.1)

, :

Σl = 500 + 500 + 750 + 500 + 500 + 750 + 500 = 4000

q / :

q = = 0,0128 / / (2.2)

q. / :

q.= q l . (2.3)

l - .

q / :

q (2.4)

Σq. - , /.

, (, , , ) .

2.1.

2.1 2.1.

2.1

, , q , / , q , / , q , / , q., . /
.
                 
  1-2   1-6   0,0128 / .. 6,41   6,41 6,41     6,41
  1-2 2-3 2-5   9,61 6,41 6,41 11,21 - . 0,34 11,55
  2-3 3-4   9,61 6,41 8,005     8,005
  4-5 3-4   9,61 6,41 8,005 . 11,05 19,055
  4-5 5-6 2-5   9,31 6,41 6,41 11,21     11,21
  5-6 1-6   6,41 6,41 6,41     6,41
      51,25   11,39 62,64

:

1. 6 q...

2. 8 Σq. .

3. 6 8 9, q..

(.2.2).

.

- .

1 7, ( 7) .

, , .

q. .=62,64/. 1 6,41 / (..2.2). , 1 : 62,64 6,41 = 56,23 /.

, 1-2 2 1-6 6, ( ) .

 

. 2.2.

 

7 , 2 .

 

, , . ( ) 1-2, 1-6, 2-3, 2-5, 3-4 5-6.

1 2 ( 1-2) , 2 3 11,21+0,34+8,005=19,555/ (..2.2), , () 4 (8,005/2 = 4,00 /) , 4 7 4-5 (11,05/2=5,525 /).

, 1-2 2 19,555+4,00+5,525=29,08 /. , , 2 5, 2-5, , 1-2 2 34,69 /.

34,69 / 2, 2 11,21+0,34=11,55 /.

2 5 2-5 7,34/, 2 3 2-3 34,69-7,34-11,55= 5,80 /.

, 3-4 3 3, .. 15,80 - 8,005 = 7,795 /.

1-6, 5-6 5-4. 1 -1 62,64 / 1 6,41 1 2 1-2 - 34.69 /. , 1 6 1-6 62,64 - 6,41- 34,69 = 21,54 /.

6 6,41 /, 6 5 5-6 21,54 6,41 = 15,13 /.

5 6 2 15,13+7,34=22,47 /. 5 11,21 / , 5 4 5-4 22,47 11,21 = 11,26 /.

4 3-4 7,795 / 5-4 11,26 /. , 4 11,26 + 7,795 = 19,055 /.

4 8,005/, , 4 7 19,055 - 8,005 = 11,05/, 4. , .

, 1 4 7 , :

- -1 62,64/2 = 31,32 /

- 4-7 11,05/2 = 5,525 /.

, [1,2,4,8,9], .8.20. - 539-78, -9 ( 0,9 ).

, [1,6].

[6], . .. (.2.3).

.

. .. h () /6/

h = 1000 i l; (2.5)

l - .; 1000 i - 1000 IV .. -9.

, 1-2, 34,69 / l = 500, (d=200 , 1000 i =8,01 :

h1-2 = 1000 i l = 8,02 0,50 = 4,01

2-5 7,34/, l = 500 (d=125, : h2-5=4,34 0,50 = 2,17.

: h1-6=1,66; h5-6=0,87; h2-3=5,9; h3-4=5,70; h4-5=7,22.

 

2.3. .

 

2-5 . .

, , , .

.

 

ΔhI = (4,01+2,17) - (0,87+1,66) = 3,65

ΔhII = (5,90+5,70) - (7,22+2,17) = 2,21

( ) . , .

, , - .

(0,2-0,4 .), () Δq.

Δq / , Δh , .. /4/:

(2.6)

Δ h - ( ) ; Σh - .

/ :

(2.7)

Σ qi - /; n- .

(. 2.2) , : - :

Δq I= 4,12 /

- :

Δq II= 0,56 /

(. 2.2) , Δh. , , , . Δq. Δq , Δq ( ) , Δq .

( 2-5) : Δq1 ΔqII.

: (.2.2):

- 1-2, q1-2 = 34,69 4,12 = 30,57/;

- 2-3 q2-3 = 15,80 0,56 = 15,24/;

- 2-5 q2-5 = 7,34 4,12 + 0,56 = 3,78/

- ..

, .., , , 1,0 . .

:

Δh3I = (3,16+1,04) - (1,38 + 2,34) = 0,48

Δh3II = (5,11+4,34) - (8,68 + 1,04) = - 0,07

:

Δ= (3,16+5,11+4,34) - (8,68 +1,38 + 2,34) = - 0,21

 

. .. , , . , , . . , "" . , , . : , , , , .

., Δ q / :

(2.7)

Δq0 Δh0 - / . ; Δh - ., .

() . 200 . [2], . 8.5. :

q -1 = = 31,32 /;

q 4-7 = = 5,525 /

.. [6] : d-1 = 200.;. d4-7= 100 .

, , , , -539-73 , : d-1 = 250 .; d4-7 = 150 .

: .

, :

-1

31,32 /, d-1 = 250, .. 1000 i = 2,73 l = 0,5 , : h-1 = 2,73 0,50 =1,37

4-7

5,525 /, d4-7= 150., l = 0,45 , 1000 i = 1,12 , : h4-7 =1,12 0,45 = 0,51 .

( ) :

-1 q-1= 0,7 q. = 0,7 62,64 = 43,85 /.

4-7 q4-7= 0,7 q4-5 =0,7 11,05 = 7,74 /.

, :

- 1: h-1 = 4,95 0,50 = 2,48;

4-7: h4-7 = 2,64 0,45 = 1,19.






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