. , . , , . , , , , () , .
, , . , , , , , .
, , . . , .
. 2.1 .
, q.. . Σl (. . 2.1):
Σl = l1-2+l2-3+l2-6+l3-4+l6-4+ l7-6+l7-1, (2.1)
, :
Σl = 500 + 500 + 750 + 500 + 500 + 750 + 500 = 4000
q / :
q = = 0,0128 / / (2.2)
q. / :
q.= q l . (2.3)
l - .
q / :
q (2.4)
Σq. - , /.
, (, , , ) .
2.1.
2.1 2.1.
2.1
, | , q , / | , q , / | , q , / | , q., . / | ||||
. | ||||||||
1-2 1-6 | 0,0128 / .. | 6,41 6,41 | 6,41 | 6,41 | ||||
1-2 2-3 2-5 | 9,61 6,41 6,41 | 11,21 | - . | 0,34 | 11,55 | |||
2-3 3-4 | 9,61 6,41 | 8,005 | 8,005 | |||||
4-5 3-4 | 9,61 6,41 | 8,005 | . | 11,05 | 19,055 | |||
4-5 5-6 2-5 | 9,31 6,41 6,41 | 11,21 | 11,21 | |||||
5-6 1-6 | 6,41 6,41 | 6,41 | 6,41 | |||||
51,25 | 11,39 | 62,64 |
:
|
|
1. 6 q...
2. 8 Σq. .
3. 6 8 9, q..
(.2.2).
.
- .
1 7, ( 7) .
, , .
q. .=62,64/. 1 6,41 / (..2.2). , 1 : 62,64 6,41 = 56,23 /.
, 1-2 2 1-6 6, ( ) .
. 2.2.
7 , 2 .
, , . ( ) 1-2, 1-6, 2-3, 2-5, 3-4 5-6.
1 2 ( 1-2) , 2 3 11,21+0,34+8,005=19,555/ (..2.2), , () 4 (8,005/2 = 4,00 /) , 4 7 4-5 (11,05/2=5,525 /).
, 1-2 2 19,555+4,00+5,525=29,08 /. , , 2 5, 2-5, , 1-2 2 34,69 /.
34,69 / 2, 2 11,21+0,34=11,55 /.
2 5 2-5 7,34/, 2 3 2-3 34,69-7,34-11,55= 5,80 /.
, 3-4 3 3, .. 15,80 - 8,005 = 7,795 /.
1-6, 5-6 5-4. 1 -1 62,64 / 1 6,41 1 2 1-2 - 34.69 /. , 1 6 1-6 62,64 - 6,41- 34,69 = 21,54 /.
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6 6,41 /, 6 5 5-6 21,54 6,41 = 15,13 /.
5 6 2 15,13+7,34=22,47 /. 5 11,21 / , 5 4 5-4 22,47 11,21 = 11,26 /.
4 3-4 7,795 / 5-4 11,26 /. , 4 11,26 + 7,795 = 19,055 /.
4 8,005/, , 4 7 19,055 - 8,005 = 11,05/, 4. , .
, 1 4 7 , :
- -1 62,64/2 = 31,32 /
- 4-7 11,05/2 = 5,525 /.
, [1,2,4,8,9], .8.20. - 539-78, -9 ( 0,9 ).
, [1,6].
[6], . .. (.2.3).
.
. .. h () /6/
h = 1000 i l; (2.5)
l - .; 1000 i - 1000 IV .. -9.
, 1-2, 34,69 / l = 500, (d=200 , 1000 i =8,01 :
h1-2 = 1000 i l = 8,02 0,50 = 4,01
2-5 7,34/, l = 500 (d=125, : h2-5=4,34 0,50 = 2,17.
: h1-6=1,66; h5-6=0,87; h2-3=5,9; h3-4=5,70; h4-5=7,22.
2.3. .
2-5 . .
, , , .
.
ΔhI = (4,01+2,17) - (0,87+1,66) = 3,65
ΔhII = (5,90+5,70) - (7,22+2,17) = 2,21
( ) . , .
, , - .
(0,2-0,4 .), () Δq.
Δq / , Δh , .. /4/:
(2.6)
Δ h - ( ) ; Σh - .
/ :
|
|
(2.7)
Σ qi - /; n- .
(. 2.2) , : - :
Δq I= 4,12 /
- :
Δq II= 0,56 /
(. 2.2) , Δh. , , , . Δq. Δq , Δq ( ) , Δq .
( 2-5) : Δq1 ΔqII.
: (.2.2):
- 1-2, q1-2 = 34,69 4,12 = 30,57/;
- 2-3 q2-3 = 15,80 0,56 = 15,24/;
- 2-5 q2-5 = 7,34 4,12 + 0,56 = 3,78/
- ..
, .., , , 1,0 . .
:
Δh3I = (3,16+1,04) - (1,38 + 2,34) = 0,48
Δh3II = (5,11+4,34) - (8,68 + 1,04) = - 0,07
:
Δ= (3,16+5,11+4,34) - (8,68 +1,38 + 2,34) = - 0,21
. .. , , . , , . . , "" . , , . : , , , , .
., Δ q / :
(2.7)
Δq0 Δh0 - / . ; Δh - ., .
() . 200 . [2], . 8.5. :
q -1 = = 31,32 /;
q 4-7 = = 5,525 /
.. [6] : d-1 = 200.;. d4-7= 100 .
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, , , , -539-73 , : d-1 = 250 .; d4-7 = 150 .
: .
, :
-1
31,32 /, d-1 = 250, .. 1000 i = 2,73 l = 0,5 , : h-1 = 2,73 0,50 =1,37
4-7
5,525 /, d4-7= 150., l = 0,45 , 1000 i = 1,12 , : h4-7 =1,12 0,45 = 0,51 .
( ) :
-1 q-1= 0,7 q. = 0,7 62,64 = 43,85 /.
4-7 q4-7= 0,7 q4-5 =0,7 11,05 = 7,74 /.
, :
- 1: h-1 = 4,95 0,50 = 2,48;
4-7: h4-7 = 2,64 0,45 = 1,19.