: , , (PMU), WAMS (Wide Area Measurement Systems), .
: , .
() , () [1]. ( ) . () (), SCAD.
[10]:
- ;
- ;
- ();
- , .. ;
- .
, , , SCADA. , - SCADA - . , , [2], , , , .
WAMS (Wide - Area, Measurement Systems). GPS (Global Positioning System) 80- .
WAMS, , PMU (Phasor Measurements Units) [15]. , SCADA, PMU, , ( 0,20,5%) , .
2005 . () ( WAMS), (SMART-WAMS). [4].
SCADA PMU- SCADA PMU. , ( ), . - - , , 7 . 10 . . , .
|
|
. ( PMU) , - .
) .
() , . .
SCADA - , , :
, (10.1)
: Pi,Qi ;
ij,Qij ;
Ui ;
Ij,Iij .
=(δ,U) 2n1 ( n ), U δ , . , z .
:
, (10.2)
.. . [15].
) SCADA PMU.
WAMS ( ) PMU, (, ) Internet Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) ( -ӻ -ӻ), - , (-ӻ). WAMS , , , SCADA/EMS- . SMART-WAMS ( PMU) 20 , 1 . 10.1 , PMU .
10.1- PMU
SMART-WAMS () | BEN6000 () | SEL421 () | RES521 () | Arbiter () | |
U,kB | (0,30,5)% | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,02% |
δ | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,3 |
Iij, | (0,30,5)% | 0,2% | 0,2% | 0,1% | 0,03% |
ϕij Iij Ui | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
, | 0,001 | 0,002 | 0,01 | 0,002 | 0,005 |
t CHX GPS | 20 | 50 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
|
|
PMU-. , PMU [14].
, PMU . , PMU , 1/3 . :
. (10.4)
: Iij , i;
ϕij .
, .
, PMU:
1) PMU ;
2) PMU, δ , PMU. [14], PMU PMU;
3) , :
(10.5)
PMU , / δ, 50 ( ). ϕij , , δ ;
) PMU .
. PMU.