1. I believe that my friend is because he killed in self-defense.
2. The length of varies from a few days to a lifetime.
3. Serious crimes foresee as a usual punishment.
4. The Netherlands provide fairly good living conditions in a .
5. can result in cutting off the offenders hand or foot in Saudi Arabia.
IV. Find a proper definition for the following words.
| 1. fine | a) the action or crime of stealing |
| 2. imprisonment | b) culpable of or responsible for a specified wrongdoing |
| 3. life sentence | c) the state of being imprisoned |
| 4. theft | d) a sum of money exacted as a penalty by a court of law or other authority |
| 5. guilty | e) a punishment of life imprisonment or of imprisonment for a specified long period |
V. Put the right proposition after each verb.
1. John confessed shoplifting.
2. Tom was accused bigamy.
3. Geoffrey was charged assault.
4. Sven was convicted murder.
5. Tony was found guilty kidnapping.
6. Mary was sentenced 4-year imprisonment smuggling.
7. Nick was arrested possession of marijuana.
VI. Put the verbs to steal or to rob into the correct tense form.
1. Last night an armed gang the post office.
2. My handbag at the theatre yesterday.
3. Every year large number of banks .
4. She regularly from her employees.
5. They stole $5,000.
VII. Give a short summary of the text in English.
VIII. Retell the text.
Essential vocabulary
| accused | |
| administer | , () |
| adversarial system | |
| appoint | ( ) |
| argue | ; ; , |
| argument | , , |
| burden | , |
| charge | |
| compelling | |
| compose | |
| corporate entity | |
| counsel | , |
| court setting | |
| defense attorney | |
| detail | , |
| disinterested | |
| dispose | , |
| dispute | |
| elect | |
| event | , |
| evidence | , |
| incriminate | ( ), , |
| judge | |
| jury panel | () |
| panel of judges | |
| party | ( ) |
| reasonable | , |
| settle | () |
| sound | |
| suspect | , |
| unbiased | |
| venue | , ; () |
Text 3. The Courts
The courts serve as the venue where disputes are settled and justice is administered. With regard to criminal justice, there are a number of critical people in any court setting. They are referred to as the courtroom work group including the judge, prosecutor, and the defense attorney. The judge is a person, elected or appointed, who is knowledgeable in the law, and whose function is to objectively administer the legal proceedings and offer a final decision to dispose of a case.
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In the U.S. and in a growing number of nations, guilt or innocence is decided through the adversarial system. In this system, two parties will both offer their version of events and argue their case before the court. The case should be decided in favor of the party who offers the most sound and compelling arguments based on the law.
The prosecutor is a lawyer who brings charges against a person, persons or corporate entity. It is the prosecutor's duty to explain to the court what crime was committed and to detail what evidence has been found which incriminates the accused.
A defense attorney counsels the accused on the legal process, likely outcomes for the accused and suggests strategies. It is the defense attorney's duty to represent the interests of the client, raise procedural and evidentiary issues, and hold the prosecution to its burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
The final determination of guilt or innocence is typically made by a third party, who is supposed to be disinterested. This function may be performed by a judge, a panel of judges, or a jury panel composed of unbiased citizens.
I. Answer the questions.
1. What are the main functions of the court?
2. Who belongs to the courtroom work group?
3. What are the judges duties?
4. What does the adversarial system mean?
5. What are the defense attorneys duties?
II. Are these statements true or false according to the text?
1. The prosecutor determines the final decision in the court.
2. The adversarial system is used in all countries of the worlds to decide if the person is innocent or guilty.
3. That party wins in the courtroom that brings the most sound facts and evidences.
4. The prosecutor details the found evidences showing that the accused is guilty.
5. The judge is responsible for the ultimate decision in the court.
