.
, , 䳿 , .
뺺
: ; R ;
P, V, T , , ᒺ .
г 1 :
PVo = RT, (16.1)
Vo 1 .
(16.1), P = const; :
PdVo = RdT,
PdVo = dA ᒺ dVo.
DT = 1 K, P = const,
P DVo = R DT = DA = R
R 1 1 .
Ѳ R = 8,31 /..
.
1. - T = const m = const ᒺ :
PV = const.
2. - P = const ᒺ :
V = Vo(1 + av t), V = VoT/To,
Vo ᒺ To = 273,15 ; a = av = 1/273,15 K-1 ᒺ , .
3. V = const :
P = Po(1 + ap t), P = PoT/To,
Po ᒺ To = 273,15 ; a = ap = 1/273,15 K-1 .
4. ᒺ .
V= const t1 t2, P1 P2. :
(16.2)
a ; t .
(16.2) a,
(16.3)
(16.3) , , , . ᒺ :
(16.4)
3x ᒺ , 2,5*10-5 -1.
(. 16.1) 1, (, , ..), 璺 . 2 . ˳ , 璺 1, 3, , ᒺ .
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:
P = P + hdg, (16.5)
P ; h ; d ; g .
. , , , , , 1 . 1 1015 .
: , , , .