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, . , , . , , . , ( ) 1976 . ( ), , mi , 90% 10% . 10% , , , , [c.380] . . 13.1, .

, , 1976 ., , 48% 90% . 48% 90%, , 43,2% , . , 83% , 10% . 83% 10% , 8,3% , . 51,5% ; 1976 . 2

. , 1976 . 51,5% . , ? , 51,5% (43,2:51,5 8,3:51,5) , 1976 . 84% 16% . , 13, 15,20 23% 1960, 1964, 1968 1972 ., 87,85,80 77%. , , ; . 13.2.


. 13.3. : , 1960-1976 . [c.381]

, (, , ), , . . 13.2 100% , .

, , . 13.1 . , ( ), , . 13.2 , , . 13.2 , . (, , ..) , .

. 13.2 1960 . ( 13% ) 1972 . ( 23% ) 1976 . ( , ), : , . , , . , . , , , , , , . , (50% , 61% ), 100% . , , . [c.382]

. . , . , , , , , . , , . , . , , , , (. . , , , , . 13.2 , ). .

, , , , . , , , , , . 13.3.

, . , , . , , . 13.1 13.2, , . ( [c.383] , . 13.3, . , .)

. 13.3. : , 1960-1976 .

. 13.3 . , . , , . , , , , , , , . , . ( ) , , , -. , , [c.384] . , , , . , . , . , , , , , . 13.2, . ,, , .

, , . 13.4.

. 13.4. .

, . [c.385]

, , . [c.385] , , - , . . 135. . 13.5 () , 19601976 ., (46%).

; , . , . , (46%) (3%) 1960 . 49% , . 13.1. . 13-5 , 84%.

, . 13.1, , , , I960 . , ; , 1964 .; 1968 1972 ., , [c.386] 1976 . . , . , , , , . [c.387]

, . , , , ; , . (. . 13.2 13.3).

13.2.

1964 ., %

, %
59 94 61 41 6 39 100 100 100 1 350 150 1 500

13.3

1972 ., %

, % 34 66 100 1 350 89 11 100 150 40 60 100 1 500

[c.387]

, , . , . 13.2, , 1964 ., . 13.3 1972 . 1 500 . , , , .

( ) . , , . , , , . . . 13.2 13.3 22 ( ), .

, . . , , 100%- . , . 13.2 , 1964 . 59% , , 59% . , , , . 1- ( 100%) , 2- , 3- . , , [c.388] , . ( ) - .

(. . 13.2), (. . 13.3). . , , , .

, , , . , , 13.2 13.3 , , . 1972 . , , 1964 ., , , . , , , , , , . , . [c.389]

.

-, . , , . , , , , . [c.389]

-, . , - , , - . , . . .

, . . , . , . , , , , , . [c.390]

, .: nsn . Political Science Laboratory. Columbus (Oh.): Merrill, 1969, ch. 2,3. : Spear .. Practical Charting Techniques. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1969; Rogers .. Graphic Charts Handbook. Washington (D.C): Public Affairs Press, 1961; Smart L.E., Arnold S. Practical Rules for Grade Presentation of Business Statistics. Columbus (Oh.): Bureau of Business Research, Ohio State University, 1947; ufte .R. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire (Conn.): Grades Press, 1983. .: Envisioning Information. Cheshire, Conn.: Graphics Press, 1994, . .: Huff D. How to Lie with Statistics. - N.Y.: Norton, 1954.

: Vb S., Ni N. Political Participation in American Political Democracy and Social Equality. N.Y.: Harper and Row 1972.





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