4
| : | ᒺ- ++. |
| : | ++ , ; 㳺 , RTTI, -, . |
| : | IBM- K. |
| : | OC Windows, ++. |
| : | . ᒺ : , , . : ᒺ, , , , , , ; : ᒺ . : , RTTI, , , , typedef, . |
| : | 1. . 2. . 3. |
RTTI
, . , (, , ), . , , - / (RTTI).
C++: RTTI. (dynamic_cast) . ', , ' .
OP: RTTI. ( is as). RTTI published , . RTTI. , ( - DFM), Delphi, ', RTTI . TObject ( ) ClassName ClassType. ClassType , ' ( ).
Java: Object Pascal, Java , . (type-safe downcast) . getClass () (' , ), getName () , ' . instanceof. Java RTTI , JavaBeans. Java .
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- , , . - , , .
C + +: C + + throw , try catch . - ' , . C + + . ' .
OP: Object Pascal : raise, try, except 䳺 . , , , '. , try finally, , , , . Delphi - Exception.
Java: C + +, Object Pascal, finally. ( -' , Borland C + + Builder 3.) finally , , '. Java , , , , . ֳ , , . Java '- Throwable.
, ( ):
try { line = console.readLine(); if (line.length() == 0) throw new EmptyLineException(", , !"); console.printLine(", %s!" % line);}catch (EmptyLineException exception) { console.printLine("!");}catch (Exception exception) { console.printLine(": " + exception.message());}else { console.printLine(" ");}finally { console.printLine(" ");}
