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Пояснения к тексту:

to be entitled – иметь право на

to meet the standards – удовлетворять нормы

HUMAN RIGHTS

Everybody knows that many of the rights of citizens are considered human rights. For example, a constitutional right is one which a state guarantees to its own citizens and sometimes even to foreigners who are within its jurisdiction. Still a question comes: What are human rights? Not everyone agrees that being born a human being entitled someone to certain freedoms and certain treatment. And those who agree have different opinions as to what these rights are. A human right is one to which people all over the world are entitled, whatever their nationality and wherever they live.

Most of the law in the world is made by governments for their own people. But human rights are independent of any political divisions. They are basic minimum standards of freedom and security for all people. When governments do not meet these standards, they are criticized by their own citizens and even by foreign governments. Sometimes some countries impose economic sanction against those countries where human rights are violated. For example, many countries have limited trade to South Africa because of the policy of apartheid.

As a rule, human rights are violated when governments violate their own constitutions, and very often their policies make citizens to escape to other countries. But legally, most countries of the world have signed international agreements concerning the treatment of individuals. The most important agreement is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by UN General Assembly in 1948. Article 1 of UDHR declares that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and Article 2 states that it does not depend upon race, color, sex, language, religion or any other difference among people.

 

11. Сверяясь с текстом, выберите нужное значение следующих слов:

1) to entitle – озаглавливать, называть, давать право на

2) treatment – лечение, обращение, обработка

3) trade – профессия, производство, торговля

4) security – залог, гарантия, охрана, безопасность

5) tо adopt – заимствовать, принимать, усыновлять

 

12. Вместо пропусков вставьте слова, приведенные в скобках, в правильном порядке:

1) This … … with … to racial equality but he strongly protest … sexual equality. (against, politician, the right, agrees)

2) … suffer economic and social … when they … paid… for … the same work as men. (inequality, doing, are, women, less).

 

 

ВАРИАНТ 4





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