( , ). . . , .
, , .
. 1924 . . .
, ( ).
... () .
.
( ) , , :
( ) ( ) , .
, ... .
...:
- ;
- T1(Q1) ( );
- T2(Q2) ( ) .
.
, . : , , .
1. (). :
() = t 0C + 273, 15 K.
2. , :
/ .
1 , 1 , 1 2;
1 = 101325,1 = 1,033228 /2 = 760 . .;
1 = 100000 = 1,0197 /2 = 750 . . .;
3. :
/3 /3.
, .
4. () , (/3, /) 10.
.
= const;
|
|
ν V = const, > ν.
, , .
, , , :
- T = const PV = const ( ) -, 1662-1679 .
- P = const V/T=const ( ) -, 1802 .
- V = const P/T = const ( ) , 1787 .
, , .
, PVk = const.
PVn.
: P(n=0), T(n = 1), (n = k = cp/ cν), V(n =∞).
Rn
( -):
R | , | ||
. |
, .
2-3%.
.
, .
:
t1 | , | ||
t2 | , | ||
q1-2 | , . |