IP : IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP, .
TCP/IP , OSI, ISO, TCP/IP . TCP/IP , . 1.
. 1. OSI/ISO TCP/IP
TCP/IP . . 2.
. 2. TCP/IP
, , , , , , . Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP .. , , .. TCP/IP, , TCP/IP .
, (, ). MAC- (Media Access Control), . , , Ethernet 48- .
Internet :
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol. .
IP Internet Protocol. , ICMP TCP UDP.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol. Internet .
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. : Internet.
; .
Internet .
IP. , , IP- (IP datagrams). IP- , , , . , , .
|
|
IP- TCP/IP , , , , . IP , 20- (, , ). IP- , . .
IP , , , . IP- , , IP- . . , , , .
Internet . ICMP. Internet .
Internet - -, IP-. IP 4 (IPv4), 32- . TCP/IP, , 32 , 30 , , . 6 IP (IPv6), 128- .
IP- 4 5 . 1 (. 3). A, B C . D (multicast addresses). E .
IP- AC : . Internet (ICANN). , , . A , , C , . B . , A B .
|
|
. 3. IP-
, , .
, C, 8 . IP- 100 , 10 Ethernet- 10 , -. 1 100 , IP-. , 4 , 4 . (. 4).
, IP- , , : 192.168.253.10.
. 4.
, , Ethernet , TCP/IP . : 48- Ethernet (MAC-) 32- IP-. , Internet , , , IP- , .. " ". :
IP- , , Internet TCP/IP MAC-? address resolution problem ( ).
, IP-. MAC-, . , Internet- ? reverse address resolution problem ( ).
ARP, RARP.
ARP , , IP-, . , , . IP- MAC-.
RARP- IP-. , IP-, , MAC- RARP-, , . RARP-, IP-, , IP-.