1. ICMP- .
2. ICMP- IP- , .
3. IP- ICMP- , IP- .
ICMP
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Ping.
Ping . IMCP 1 ( ). 4 ( ). , . - . , , . ICMP- , ( - ) ICMP Echo-Reply ICMP Echo-Request.
ping TCP/IP . ping , ping SNMP RFC 2925 (Definitions of Managed Objects for Remote Ping, Traceroute, and Lookup Operations)..