(3,38 .%). . , (0,4 2+ 1 ).
,
- ( ); ( , , ) 3; Mg(CO3)2;
- : SO42, S4;
- - ( ) F2;
- : ( ) Al2Si2O8;
- : ; () 5(4)3 ( ) 5(4)3(ClF).
,
( ) . .
| r=3,4 /3 | t=2580 | t=2850 |
: 1100-1300
| 3 = + 2 | ∆= - 177,9 (1) |
| +2=()2; | ∆= - 65,06 (2) |
:
- 
()2↓,
- 2 ( + 3 = 2 + );
- ;
- ( + MgO) .
3. , (3) :
3+2+2  (3)2↓
| (3) |
. , (3)2, 3 ( , ).
- . . 900 .
2 :
| 3 + 2Cl = l2 + 2 + 2. | (4) |
. , ; , .
:
- 
3 CaO ( )
2
- ( )
| (Al2O32SiO2n2O) | 3ηAl2O3SiO2 |
- , ( ,Na,)
| CaCO3 + SiO2 = CaSiO3 + CO2 | (5) |
| - , ; | |
| - NH4NO3 (- ); | |
| - HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 - .
|
, . , (85% 3+15% ), ( ) , .
|
|
|
()2. : ( ) ()2 , ()2 - .
()2 ( ):
| + 2 = ()2 | ∆ = - 65,06 (6) |
, (0,16 100 ). :
| ()2 + 2 = 3 + 2. | (7) |
2 3 , :
| 3 + 2 + 2 = (3)2. | (8) |
3, , (()2):
()2  3+2+2.
| (9) |
()2: ; ( (Cl)2, Cl2, ()2); ( ); , , .
SO4 , SO4 SO422, : (- ); ( ); ( ).
- , (0,2 100 ), . 150 2CaSO42 () , CaSO4.
CaSO4 2 2  2 CaSO42  SO4 + 2.
| (10) |
, :
| 2 CaSO42 + 3 2 = 2 (CaSO422). | (11) |
1000 SO3
CaSO4  + SO3.
| (12) |
, ( ), CaSO4. , , , .
SO4. , . 2CaSO42 , , .
, , () . : . () - . : ()2 , .
|
|
|
1 3 . .
| ()2 + 2 = 3 + 2. | (13) |
.
, , - 1000 -1300 (Al2O32 SiO2n H2O)
3  + 2
| ∆= + 177,99 (14) |
| MgCO3 MgO+CO2
| ∆= + 101,46 (15) |
MgO , SiO2 , Al2O3 . , , 1200-1300 , :
| mCaO + nAl2O3 = mCaO nAl2O3 | (16) |
| nCaO + pSiO2 = nCaO pSiO2 | (17) |
( 10%).
() :
| + 2 = ()2 | ∆= - 65,06 . (18) |
:
| () + 2 = 3 + 2 | ∆= - 112,13 (19) |
- :
| ()2 + SiO2 + (n-1) 2 = ηSiO2nH2O. | (20) |
. 1740 C 9 .
3-4 . (. ).
- . : , .
: , .
, .
70-80% . (. ); CaO . .
. , , , . , .
, , . , , . : , .
, . . 3:1 ( ). . . (.1).
|
|
|
1
| %- () | |||
| () | 3Ca0´SiO2 | C3S | 40-60 |
| () | 2CaO´SiO2 | C2S | 15-40 |
| 3CaO´Al2O3 | C3A | 5-15 | |
| () | 4CaO´Al2O3´Fe2O3 | C4A | 10-20 |
, ( 4,5%) MgO, 1%.
3´SiO2 , , ∆= - 501,6 /.
70-80% . . .
2´SiO2 (∆= - 259,2 /), . , .
3´Al2O3- (∆= - 848,5 /), , .
4ηAl2O3Fe2O3 (∆= - 418,0 /), , , , .
, , .
, . , , . , , . MgO .
, , .
. , .
:
| 3 CaOSiO2 + (n+1)H2O = 2 CaOSiO2nH2O + Ca(OH)2 | (21) |
| 2 CaOSiO2 + nH2O = 2 CaOSiO2nH2O | (22) |
| 3 CaOAl2O3 + 6 H2O = 3 CaOAl2O36H2O | (23) |
| 4 CaOAl2O3Fe2O3 + (m+6) H2O = 3 CaOAl2O36H2O + CaOFe2O3mH2O | (24) |
, . 15000 ( , , ) .
( 40%) . ηAl2O3. , 2ηAl2O3SiO2, .
|
|
|
:
| 2 (CaOAl2O3) + 11 H2O = 2 CaO´Al2O3.´8 H2O + 2 Al(OH)3. | (25) |
, . 90% , .
()2, 3ηAl2O36H2O. , .
. , . , ( , ) .
, , . , . , . , , .
.
1 - .
, , , .
, , , , :
| ()2 + 2 = 3 + 2. | (26) |
, , , , .
2.- .
.
. . 2, , . 2 ( 2) ,
| 3 + 2 + 2 = (3)2. | (27) |
. , MgSO4 MgCl2. :
| MgSO4+Ca(OH)2=CaSO4+Mg(OH)2 | (28) |
| MgCl2+Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Mg(OH)2 | (29) |
, .
. , . , 31-32 :
| 3 CaO´Al2O3´6 H2O + 3 CaSO4 + n H2O = 3 CaO´Al2O3´3 CaSO4 ´3 H2O | (30) |
.
, . :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) , .
. , , .. . .
|
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