Present Tenses (теперішні часи)
Present Indefinite (Simple) (теперішній неозначений (простий))
Вживаємо, коли дія відбувається протягом тривалого часу
Індикатори: always, sometimes, usually, often, seldom, every day (week)
| Positive (ствердження) | Negative (заперечення) | Interrogative (питання) | ||||
| I | read | I | do not read | Do | I | read |
| You | read | You | do not read | Do | You | |
| He | reads | He | does not read | Does | He | |
| She | She | She | ||||
| It | It | It | ||||
| We | read | We | do not read | Do | We | |
| They | read | They | do not read | Do | They |
Present Continuous (теперішній тривалий)
Вживаємо, коли дія відбувається зараз і є точна вказівка на час
(підмет + доп.дієслово (am\are\is) + присудок з ing (verb+ing))
Індикатори: now, the whole day, from 6 till 7, all day long, this week (month), at 2 o’clock
| Positive (ствердження) | Negative (заперечення) | Interrogative (питання) | ||||||
| I | am | reading | I | am not | Reading | Am | I | reading |
| You | are | You | are not | Are | You | |||
| He | is | He | is not | Is | He | |||
| She | She | She | ||||||
| It | It | It | ||||||
| We | are | We | are not | Are | We | |||
| They | are | They | are not | Are | They |
Present Perfect (теперішній доконаний)
Вживаємо, коли є результат, закінчилася дія
(підмет + доп. дієслово (have\has) + III форма дієслова)
Індикатори: already, just, ever, never, yet, since
| Positive (ствердження) | Negative (заперечення) | Interrogative (питання) | ||||||
| I | have | finished / written | I | have not | finished / written | Have | I | finished / written |
| You | have | You | have not | Have | You | |||
| He | has | He | has not | Has | He | |||
| She | She | She | ||||||
| It | It | It | ||||||
| We | have | We | have not | Have | We | |||
| They | have | They | have not | Have | They |
Present Perfect Continuous (теперішній тривалий доконаний)
Вживаємо, коли дія почалася в минулому і ще не закінчилася на момент мовлення
(підмет + доп. дієслова (have\has + been) + присудок з ing (verb+ing))
Індикатори: since 1992, for a long time
| Positive (ствердження) | Negative (заперечення) | Interrogative (питання) | ||||||
| I | have | been reading | I | have not | been reading | Have | I | been reading |
| You | have | You | have not | Have | You | |||
| He | has | He | has not | Has | He | |||
| She | She | She | ||||||
| It | It | It | ||||||
| We | have | We | have not | Have | We | |||
| They | have | They | have not | Have | They |
1. Без ing: hate, like, love, trust, agree, see, be, feel, hear, wish, know, believe, find, remember, look, contain etc.
2. do not = don’t, is not = isn’t, have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t
