.
.
U ( ) , . . , ; , .
. Δ U . - 1 2, Q. , . : , .
, Q
U2=Ul + Q (1)
U1 U2 (1) (2) . U2 U1 Δ U, :
Δ U = Q A (2)
, , . , : .
, , , . ., ,
Δ U = Qv (3)
Qv , .
. , :
Δ U = Qv = nCv ΔT (4)
Cv ; ; ΔT .
, , .
.
, . , :
= U + PV (5)
, ( = PΔV). () (F), (Δ l), . . = F Δl. (P), ( (S), : F = PS, = PS Δ l = PΔV)
|
|
Δ = ΔU + P ΔV(6)
ΔU = Δ ΔV (7)
Δ U = Q A (8)
, Δ = Q, Q , .
. , , . ,
Δ = QP = ΔT (9)
; .
, (, , ). , , .
, , , ,
, . . . , , .
Δ U Δ
. , , (Δ U) (Δ), , . , ( Δ V)
, (.. ) , , ΔV .
. .
, , . , , . , , .
, , . . (S) (W) , ,
S = k lg W (10),