CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 1
Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. If the weather is fine tomorrow, well go to the country. 2. Ill give you this videocassette if you return it next week. 3. They wont return in time unless they hurry. 4. If you interrupt again you will have to go outside. 5. If I promise to give you the letter, will you come back? 6. She wont get better unless she calls a doctor. She wont get better if she calls him. Shell get worse. 7. If you see Dave tomorrow, tell him Id like to have a word with him. 8. You wont be forgiven unless you return the money you have taken. 9. The whole matter will be forgotten if I manage to produce the letter. 10. What will he do if he doesnt get their answer? 11. If they dont come to our party, well be upset. 12. If they want to come, theres nothing we can do.
Exercise 2. Paraphrase the sentences according to the pattern.
A Pattern: Say that again and well quarrel. If you say that again well quarrel.
1. Go to the doctor and he will help you. 2. Take a taxi and well be there in time. 3. Switch on the radio and youll hear the news. 3. Wait a minute and I will explain it to you. 5. Listen to me and youll understand everything. 6. Turn over the page and youll see that picture. 7. Come late once more and you'll be fired. 8. Follow the instructions and you wont get lost. 9. Buy all those things and you'll have no money left. 10. Go along this street and you'll see the bank on your left.
B Pattern: Wind up your watch or else it will stop. If you don't wind up your watch it will stop.
1. Put that book back at once, or Ill get angry. 2. Put on something warm, or else youll catch a cold. 3. Tell me the truth or else Ill learn everything on my own. 4. Get up at once, or else you'll be late. 5. Mind your spelling, or else you'll never get good marks. 6. Say you are sorry, or else your Mother will never forgive you. 7. Answer this letter, or he will take offence. 8. Take this job, or else you'll have no more chances. 9. Ring him up, or else you wont get the instructions. 10. Read the map carefully, or else youll get lost.
Exercise 3. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
| 1. Theyll understand it right 2. Ben will post the letter 3. Maria will get some money 4. Ill buy a new car 5. You cant get in 6. Shell lose weigh 7. Ill have a word with Jane 8. Youll need a visa 9. I wont object 10. They wont go to school 11. Tony will answer the phone 12. He wont take the money | a) if you don't have at all ticket. b) if I get this job. c) if it is too cold. d) if you explain it to them. e) if she goes to the bank. f) if you are going to America. g) if you press it on him. h) if she is at home. i) if you ask him. j) if she goes on with her work. k) if he is at home. l) if you try and help me. |
Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with IF or UNLESS.
1. Youll never pass your driving test you don't work harder. 2. You wont pass your test you drive more carefully. 3. We wont go to the beach tomorrow it is raining. 4. Well go to the beach tomorrow it is raining. 5. We will go to the beach tomorrow it isnt raining. 6. we hurry, well miss the train. 7. we dont hurry, well miss the train. 8. Well catch the train we hurry. 9. this team doesnt start working harder, theyll lose again. 10. they start working harder, theyll lose again. 11. You cant see the game you have a ticket. 12. You can see the gameyou have a ticket. 13. You cant borrow this book you return the one you took last month. 14. She will come to see us next month she has problems with her work.
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Exercise 5. Complete the following sentences.
| A 1. We wont come in time if 2. They'll pass their tests if 3. Your eyes will get tired if 4. The tourists will lose their way if 5. Youll catch a cold if | 1. B 2. 1. Hell forget to lock the door unless 3. 2. Helen will gain weight unless 4. 3. Well have a party tomorrow unless 5. 4. She wont accept our invitation unless 5. Mother wont notice anything unless |
6.
C
1. If you don't get a job
2. If you read too much
3. If you aren't careful in the street
4. If he forgets to warn them about the changes
5. If she phones too late
Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. He (understand) you if you (speak) slowly. 2. He (find) a good job if he (try) hard enough. 3. You (be attacked) by the dog if you (move). 4. I (go) away unless you (want) me to stay. 5. If I (make) coffee, you (cut) the cake? 6. Please dont sign any contracts unless the (be checked) by me. 7. If he (hurry), he (get) a good seat. 8. He (get) a bad seat unless he (hurry). 9. Someone may get into the house if he (forget) to lock the door. 10. He (not pass) his exam unless he (read) more English books in the original. 11. He must be more careful, unless he (want) troubles. 12. What you (do) if you (fail) your test? 13. Where you (go) if you (be) free on Sunday? 14. They (pay) him if he (finish) his work. 15. They (not pay) him unless he (finish) his work. 16. If the children (come) home late, they (be punished).
Exercise 7. Translate into English.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. ? . 7. , . 8. , , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. - .
TYPE 2
Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
1. If I knew his address, Id write him. 2. If he had more spare time, he would help us. 3. If we received this letter tomorrow, we would answer immediately. 4. If he were here, he would answer your question. 5. If she were here, they would ask her a few questions. 6. If I were you, I wouldnt dare to argue. 7. He would certainly agree if he were in your place. 8. Phil would travel if he had more money. 9. If they didnt want to go they wouldnt. 10. Id go out if it werent snowing. 11. If she didnt come to their party next week, they would be very angry. 12. What would you do if your house were broken into? 13. Ellen wouldnt give me any money if I asked her. 14. Would you give me money if I asked you? 15. What would you do if you found somebodys purse? 16. Unless they offered more, I wouldn't accept the job.
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Exercise 2. Paraphrase the sentences according to the pattern.
A Pattern: The weather isnt warm today. We wont go hiking.
If the weather were fine today, we would go hiking.
1. He doesnt know us well. He wont invite us. 2. We dont like chicken. We wont buy it. 3. I'm not cold. I wont put on a sweater. 3. Dave doesnt smoke. He wont take cigarettes. 4. She doesn't like ballet. She wont go to the ballet house with us. 6. He doesnt know my cousin, he wont meet her at the station. 7. She doesn't like coffee. She never buys it. 8. He doesn't read English books in the original. He wont improve his English. 9. He doesnt try to save money. He wont travel in summer. 10. I have no appetite. I wont take more meat. 11. They are not here. I wont talk to them. 12. It isn't windy today. We wont fly a kite. 13. Mary doesn't earn much. She doesn't buy anything new. 14. Jane hasnt got a VCR. She doesnt watch many films.
B Pattern: He knows the town very well. He often shows strangers about it.
If he didn't know the town so well, he wouldnt show strangers about it.
1. Betty is fond of reading. She has so many books at home. 2. He lives near the university. It takes him ten minutes to get there. 3. The weather is nasty. Well stay indoors. 4. He earns a lot of money. He travels a lot. 5. Dan has a dog. He knows much about dogs. 6. Bell has got a lot of free time. She watches TV three hours a day. 7. Chris lives far from his office. He gets up very early. 8. He is a very interesting person. I always enjoy talking to him. 9. This book is very useful. I want to buy it. 10. I like this film. Ill buy the cassette. 11. I think that the play will be interesting. Ill go to the theatre. 12. The plant is going to close down. Many people will be out of work. 13. The road is repaired. It will take us less time to get home. 14. We are moving into a new flat. We wont have to spend so much time on going to work.
Exercise 3. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
| 1. They would be disappointed 2. Many people would be out of work 3. I would be surprised 4. What would happen 5. I would be terribly upset 6. She would understand everything 7. I would take the job 8. He wouldnt get much money for his car 9. What would you buy 10. Youd feel better 11. I wouldn't argue 12. Would you buy this flat 13. He would be really angry 14. I would be grateful 15. I would listen to the elders advice 16. What would you say | a. if I was offered it. b. if I lost his ring. c. if he sold it. d. if I took his car without asking. e. if we didn't come to their party. f. if this factory closed down. g. if you overslept tomorrow? h. if he refused to lend you some money. i. if you helped me with this problem. j. if I were you. k. if you explained the situation to her. l. if you won a lot of money? m. if I weren't absolutely sure I was right. n. if you were offered this job? o. if you stopped smoking. p. if you had enough money? |
Exercise 4. Open the brackets.
A 1. If I (have) enough money, I (buy) this overcoat. 2. Larry (write) them if he (have) enough time. 3. If you (travel) first class, it (cost) over $750. 4. If you (ask) Esther, she (help) you. 5. If I (stop off) in Boston, I (stay) with my friends. 6. If you (see) her now, you (not recognise) her. 7. What you (do) if you (ask) to help us? 8. If I (go) to the doctor, he (give) me a certificate? 9. If I (be) you, I (choose) a different topic. 10. What you (do) if you (be) in his place?
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B 1. How long it (take) you to get to the university if you (move) into this flat? 2. They (not be pleased) if we (come) without asking. 3. I (not be surprised) if the money (find) at his place. 4. If he (ask) about this case, he (not tell) anything. He is too frightened. 5. What (happen) if there (be) a serious nuclear accident? 6. If there (be) a flood in this area, you (not get) a penny in compensation. 7. If we (not waste) so much energy, our resources (last) longer. 8. I (not be) in this job unless I (be) a Ph.D.! 9. Unless we (think) new research was necessary, we (not spend) money on it. 10. Just imagine what the world (be) like if we (not have) electricity!
C 1. There (not be) so many articles on astrology unless so many people (be) interested in it. 2. If my car (be struck) in a traffic jam, I (be) very angry. 3. I never (hit) anybody unless they (hit) me. 4. If you (watch) TV, you (choose) a western or a comedy? 5. You (not get) this job unless you (have) some qualifications. 6. I (not let) you marry my daughter unless you (start) earning money. 7. You (make) a scene if you (provoke)? 8. I (refuse) to go unless the company (pay) my expenses. 9. Who you (ask) if you (not know) what to do? 10. I (buy) this car if I (be) richer. 11. I don't agree with his economic policy. I (not vote) for him unless he (change) it. 12. If I (be) you, I (see) a doctor about those headaches. 13. If you (have) an argument with your friend, you (apologise) first? 14. What you (do) if one day a millionaire (ask) you to marry him/her?
Exercise 5. What would you do if you were...? Practise using verb forms in contrary-to-fact sentences with if.
Pattern: What would you do if you were a house painter? If I were a house painter, I would (paint houses, paint your house, etc.)
1. a bird 2. a mountain climber 3. an artist 4. at/in (a particular place) 5. a good cook 6. ninety years old. 7. a police officer 8. a parent 9. ambitious 10. a magician 11. at home 12. (name of a famous person) 13. a professional athlete 14. a billionaire 15. the leader of your country
Exercise 6. Complete the following sentences.
A 1. If the weather was bad 2. If somebody stole my bag/purse 3. If I were offered a good job 4. If I had a birthday party 5. If I were working in London 6. If I were a publisher 7. If I were a film-star 8. If I had a pet 9. If it were summer now 10. If I had more free time 11. If he were younger
B 1. Id talk more politely to them if 2. Id go to the theatre if 3. They would know English better if 4. He would travel more if 5. She would talk on the phone less if 6. Chris would write letters to his parents if 7. Alice would study better if 8. Id lend him money if 9. Id borrow money from him if 10. Hed be offered a good job if
Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. , . 2. . , . 3. , , . 4. , . 5. , - . 6. . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. . 12. , ? 13. , .
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TYPE 3
Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. If he had put on a warm coat yesterday, he would not have caught cold. 2. If I had seen him yesterday, Id have given him a piece of my mind. 3. If he had realised the danger, he would have run away. 4. Tony wouldnt have been so depressed if he had known everything. 5. If George had gone to the party last night he would have seen Bell there. 6. Unless you had studied film history, youd never have passed that exam. 7. We wouldnt have chosen this tour unless it had been escorted. 8. Would you have gone to Rio if you had known it was going to be so hot there? 9. Matthew wouldn't have left the children alone for too long if it hadn't been so necessary to see the doctor. 10. How much would you have spent on your holiday tour if you had gone first class instead of second? 11. If the mother hadn't left the scissors on the floor, the kid wouldnt have cut his finger.
Exercise 2. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
| 1. Id have gone to see you 2. The accident wouldnt have happened 3. They wouldve come to our party 4. She would have bought that necklace 5. We wouldn't have watched that programme 6. Tom would have been late for his interview 7. He wouldnt have become a teacher 8. No one wouldve bothered you 9. Id have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday 10. He would have never asked you to give him a lift 11. She wouldve been injured in crash 12. I would have phoned him yesterday 13. I wouldnt have fallen off 14. The man wouldve been arrested long ago 15. You wouldnt have left your tickets 16. What would you have done | a. if I had known your address. b. if she had had enough money on her. c. if I had known that he was expecting my call. d. if I had known you were ill. e. if you had witnessed the crime? f. if she hadn't been wearing the seat-belt. g. if you had checked everything before the departure. h. if the driver in front hadnt stopped so suddenly. i. if I had missed the train. j. if he had left some clues, but he hadn't! k. if we had known it would be so boring! l. if he had understood how hard it was going to be! m. if you had told us you wanted to sleep. n. if we hadnt forgotten to invite them. o. if he hadn't been in such a hurry. p. if someone had been holding that ladder! |
Exercise 3. Change the following sentences according to the pattern.
Pattern: If it didn't rain, wed go for a walk. (yesterday) If it hadnt rained yesterday, wed have gone for a walk.
1. They would come if you invited them. (yesterday night) 2. If you werent so careless, you wouldn't make such a foolish mistake. (then) 3. If they were present, we would discuss it with them. (last Monday) 4. If it were sunny wed go to the beach. (the day before yesterday) 5. If she were ready, she would take her exam. (last week) 6. If Gerry weren't so busy, Id ask him to help me. (in the morning) 7. If you had a spare ticket, Id see the performance. (yesterday) 8. If I knew English better, Id work as an interpreter. (then) 9. If Phil practised more, hed play the guitar better. 10. If I had time, Id go shopping with you. (yesterday) 11. He would fill in that form if he didn't forget about it. (at the airport)
Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences.
1. If the students had practised harder 2. If the form had been filled in correctly 3. If someone had told us about the change earlier 4. If they hadn't left their money at home 5. If he hadnt lent Jim his money 6. If he hadn't got up so late 7. If his wife hadn't bought a new coat 8. If the film hadn't been so interesting 9. If the problem hadn't been so urgent 10. If I hadnt passed my exam 11. If she hadn't reminded me about his birthday
Exercise 5. The Chain Story Game. Continue the story according to the pattern.
Pattern: If I hadnt gone to a party last night, I wouldn't have gone to bed late. If I hadn't gone to bed late I wouldn't have forgotten to set the alarm. If I hadnt forgotten to set the alarm, I wouldnt have got up lateetc.
You may use the following beginnings:
If I had gone to London last year
If he hadnt forgotten about the interview the day before yesterday
If we hadn't missed the train
or make up your own one.
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Exercise 6. Translate into English.
1. . 2. , . 3. , . 4. . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , , . 10. , . (to be short of money) 11. , , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , . (fingerprints)
