..5
PART 1 ..6-65
UNIT 1 WATER IN NATURE ..6-20
MODULE 1 ...6-10
MODULE 2 .11-15
MODULE 3 .16-20
UNIT 2 USES OF FRESH WATER .21-34
MODULE 1 .21-24
MODULE 2 .25-28
MODULE 3 .29-34
UNIT 3 WATER CRISIS AND WATER STRESS ....35-49
MODULE 1 .35-4 2
MODULE 2 .4 3 -49
UNIT 4 HYDRO CONSTRUCTION ....................................50-61
MODULE 1 .50-55
MODULE 2 .56-61
UNIT 5 WATER MANAGEMENT ...62-65
MODULE 1 .62-65
PART 2 SUPPLEMENTARY READING ..66-79
TEXT 1 The rising waters ..66-71
TEXT 2 A sewage treatment plant in northern Portugal .72
TEXT 3 Potable water purification 73
TEXT 4 Empty aeration tank for iron precipitation .74-75
TEXT 5 Processes for drinking water ....76-77
TEXT 6 Sewage treatment .78-79
I II 280302.65 ().
. 5 , , - , . . Water As a Natural Resource.
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PART 1
Unit 1 Water in Nature
Module 1
Task 1. Match words and word combinations to their definitions
| 1. Activity (n) | a. an area of land that is partly covered with water, or is wet most of the time; |
| 2. Polar ice caps | b. a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley; |
| 3. Fresh water | c. things that people do in order to achieve a particular aim; |
| 4. Glacier | d. water that contains salt, especially naturally in the sea; |
| 5. Salt water | e. water that is below the ground; |
| 6. Renewable | f. an area of thick ice that permanently covers the North and South Poles; |
| 7. Groundwater | g. to decrease in quantity or importance; |
| 8. Demand (n) | h. water that contains no salt and comes from rivers and lakes; |
| 9. Wetland | i. the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services; |
| 10. Decline (v) | j. something that replaces itself naturally, or easily replaced because there is a natural supply of it. |
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Task 2. Without reading the text decide whether the statements are True (T) or False (F)
a. The Earth is referred to as the Green Planet because when viewed from space it appears green due to rich vegetation covering its surface.
b. The most part of the area of the Earth is covered by the oceans.
c. Over one third of water is frozen.
d. People equally use salt water and fresh water for their everyday activities.
e. Fresh water is a non-renewable resource.
f. The fresh water demand is steadily increasing.
Task 3. Read the text and check your answers
Water distribution on Earth
Water is widely distributed on Earth as freshwater and salt water in the oceans. The Earth is often referred to as the blue planet because when viewed from space it appears blue. This blue colour is caused by reflection from the oceans which cover roughly 70% of the area of the Earth.
Water resources
Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all these human uses require fresh water.
97% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only 3% as fresh water of which slightly over two thirds is frozen in g laciers and polar ice caps. The remaining unfrozen fresh water is mainly found as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.
Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet, the world supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving water for ecosystem services has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half of the worlds wetlands have been lost along with their valuable environmental services. Biodiversity-rich freshwater ecosystems are currently declining faster than marine or land ecosystems. The framework for allocating water resources to water uses is known as water rights.
Task 4. Make up questions for these answers:
1. Because when viewed from the space it appears as blue.
2. No, it covers 70% of the area of the Earth.
3. They include agricultural, household, recreational, industrial and environmental activities.
4. Yes, water can renew itself.
5. They provide valuable environmental services.
