:
: 1. : / .. , .. , .. . . .. . 2- . . , 1988
2. / .. , .. . .: , 1986.
1: , .
: (. 1,2, . 1,2).
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
. 1.
13 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
. 2.
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1
- , . | |
6 | 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19 |
7 | 3, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19 |
8 | 3, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19,23 |
9 | 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23 |
10 | 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25 |
11 | 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25 |
12 | 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 |
13 | 1, 3, 5-7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25 |
14 | 1, 3, 5-7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19-21, 23, 25 |
15 | 1, 3, 5-7, 9-11, 15, 17, 19-21, 23, 25 |
16 | 1, 3, 5-7, 9-11, 15-17, 19-21, 23, 25 |
17 | 1, 3, 5-7, 9-12, 15-17, 19-21, 23, 25 |
18 | 1, 3, 5-7, 9-12, 14-17, 19-21, 23, 25 |
19 | 1, 3, 5-12, 14-17, 19-21, 23, 25 |
20 | 1, 3, 5-12, 14-21, 23-25 |
21 | 1-3, 5-12, 14-21, 23, 25 |
22 | 1-3,5-12, 14-21, 23-25 |
23 | 1-12, 14-21, 23-25 |
24 | 1-12, 14-25 |
25 | 1-25 |
2
- , . | |
6 | 3, 10, 15, 17, 21, 23 |
7 | 3, 5,10, 15, 17, 21, 23 |
8 | 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 17, 21, 23 |
9 | 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 17, 21, 23 |
10 | 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 21, 23 |
11 | 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23 |
12 | 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25 |
13 | 1-3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25 |
14 | 1-3, 5, 8, 10-13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25 |
15 | 1-3, 5, 8, 10-15, 17, 21, 23, 25 |
16 | 1-3, 5, 8, 10-15, 17, 21, 23-25 |
17 | 1-3, 5, 6, 8, 10-15, 17, 21, 23-25 |
18 | 1-3, 5-8, 10-15, 17, 21, 23-25 |
19 | 1-3, 5-8, 10-15, 17, 18, 21, 23-25 |
20 | 1-3, 5-8, 10-15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23-25 |
21 | 1-8, 10-15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23-25 |
22 | 1-15, 17, 18, 20, 21 |
23 | 1-18, 20, 21, 23-25 |
24 | 1-18, 20-25 |
25 | 1-25 |
6 : , , . . :
,
P , %;
n , .;
N , .
( 3).
3 .
- , % | , (.), , | - , % | , (.), , | |||||||||||
1,0 | 0,8 | 0,6 | 0,4 | 1,0 | 0,8 | 0,6 | 0,4 | |||||||
1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 32-37 | 23 | 18 | 14 | 10 | |||||
2 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 38-46 | 24 | 19 | 14 | 10 | |||||
3 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 47-69 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | |||||
4 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 70-78 | 24 | 19 | 14 | 10 | |||||
5 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 79-83 | 23 | 18 | 14 | 10 | |||||
6 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 84-86 | 22 | 18 | 13 | 10 | |||||
7 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 87-89 | 21 | 17 | 13 | 10 | |||||
8-9 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 90-92 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 10 | |||||
10 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 93 | 19 | 15 | 11 | 10 | |||||
11-12 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 94-95 | 18
| 14 | 11 | 10 | |||||
13-14 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 96 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 10 | |||||
15-17 | 18 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 97 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 10 | |||||
18-19 | 19 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 98 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 10 | |||||
20-23 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 99 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |||||
24-26 | 21 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 100 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||||
27-31 | 22 | 18 | 13 | 10 |
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1 , 1 . . 5- : 0 ; 1 25% ; 2 50%; 3 75%; 4 100%. :
,
R , %;
(a) (b);
n ;
K .
, , .. . .
( ) . 4 , . , , . , ( ), 1,5 , 1 6667 (10000: 1, 5). ( ), 1,8 , 5334 2 (6667 0,8) 1 . 320 2 6% (320 100): 5334. .
2: , .
3: .
, , , . , .
4
, | , 2 | , | , 2 | , | , 2 | , | , 2 |
0,10 | 0,0078 | 0,85 | 0,5672 | 1,60 | 2,0096 | 2,35 | 4,3352 |
0,15 | 0,0177 | 0,90 | 0,6359 | 1,65 | 2,1372 | 2,40 | 4,5216 |
0,20 | 0,0314 | 0,95 | 0,7085 | 1,70 | 2,2686 | 2,45 | 4,7120 |
0,25 | 0,0491 | 1,00 | 0,7850 | 1,75 | 2,4041 | 2,50 | 4,9062 |
0,30 | 0,0710 | 1,05 | 0,8655 | 1,80 | 2,5434 | 2,55 | 5,1045 |
0,35 | 0,0962 | 1,10 | 0,9498 | 1,85 | 2,6867 | 2,60 | 5,3066 |
0,40 | 0,1256 | 1,15 | 1,0382 | 1,90 | 2,8338 | 2,65 | 5,5127 |
0,45 | 0,1590 | 1,20 | 1,1304 | 1,95 | 2,9850 | 2,70 | 5,7226 |
0,50 | 0,1962 | 1,25 | 1,2265 | 2,00 | 3,1400 | 2,75 | 5,9366 |
0,55 | 0,2375 | 1,30 | 1,3266 | 2,05 | 3,2990 | 2,80 | 6,1544 |
0,60 | 0,2826 | 1,35 | 1,4307 | 2,10 | 4,4618 | 2,85 | 6,3762 |
0,65 | 0,3317 | 1,40 | 1,5386 | 2,15 | 3,6287 | 2,90 | 6,6018 |
0,70 | 0,3846 | 1,45 | 1,6505 | 2,20 | 3,7994 | 2,95 | 6,8315 |
0,75 | 0,4416 | 1,50 | 1,7262 | 2,25 | 3,9741 | 3,00 | 7,0650 |
0,80 | 0,5024 | 1,55 | 1,8860 | 2,30 | 4,1526 |
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30 . 4, . 70 120 , : , -, , , .
:
1. / . .. . . 3-. .:, 1979. 288 .
2. .., .. . .: - / , , 1963. 523 .
3. .., .. : . . .: , 2005. 220 .
4. .. . .: , 1985. 396 .
5. .., ., .. . .: , 1974. 160 .
6. .., .. . .: , 1969. 366 .
7. .. : . .: , 2007. 168 .
8. .. : / .. , .. , .. . 2 . .: , 2005. 445 .
9. / .. , .. , .. , .. . .: , 1977. 239 .
10. . . .: - , 1960. 591 .
11. .., .. . .: , 1981. 311 .
12. .., .. . . .: , 1983. 176 .
13. .. . .: , 1978. 320 .
:
1. / . . .. . .: , 1971.
2. . -/ .. , .. , .. . .. . .: , 1970. 391 .
3. .., .. . .: , 1985. 248 .
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4. : / .. , .. , .. . .. . 2- . .: , 1988. 414 .
5. .. . : , 1971. 92 .
6. .., .. . : , 1961. 86 .
7. / .. , .. , .. . .. .: , 1988. 552 .
8. . 7 ./ .. (. .) . 2 / . .. . 2- . .: , 1991. 475 .
9. : / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1979. 247 .
10. .., .. . .: - , 1961. 165 .
11. .., .., .. - . .: , 1982. 592 .
12. .. . .: , 1989. 479 .
13. .. ѳ . : , 2000. 415 .
14. .., .., .. : 3 . - : , 1991.
15. -.. / .. -, .. , .. ( ). : , 2003. 480 .
16. / .. , .. , .. , ... : , 1989. 744 .
17. , . ., 2012