1. organic compound
2. tiny amounts
3. sufficient quantities
4. biological and chemical activity
5. biochemical functions
6. hormone-like functions
7. detachable molecules
8. best-known function
9. derive
10. shorten
11. water-soluble
12. fat-soluble
13. normal growth
14. periodically
15. differing schedules
Task 3.Answer the questions.
1. What is vitamin?
2. Can vitamins be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism?
3. Where are vitamins obtained from?
4. How many vitamins are universally recognized at present?
5. How are vitamins classified?
6. What biochemical functions of vitamins do you know?
7. What does the term vitamin mean?
8. Who is the author of this term?
9. How many fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins are there in humans?
10. What are vitamins essential for?
11. How must humans consume vitamins to avoid deficiency?
12. What happens when vitamins are overdosed?
Task 4. Match the English sentences to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. An organic chemical compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. | ) , , |
| 2. Some vitamins have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism (e.g., vitamin D). | ) , , . |
| 3.Others function as antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E and sometimes vitamin C). | ) . |
| 4. The largest number of vitamins (e.g., B complex vitamins) function as precursors for enzyme cofactors. | d) ( ). |
| 5. Vitamins may also be less tightly bound to enzyme catalysts. | ) - . |
| 6. Folic acid carries various forms of carbon group methyl, formyl, and methylenein the cell. | f) (, ) - . |
| 7. The term vitamin was derived from vital and amine, meaning amine of life. | g) , ( D). |
| 8. This proved incorrect for the micronutrient class, and the word was shortened to vitamin. | h) (vitamine) vital amine, . |
| 9. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids (fats). | i) , . |
| 10. The other vitamin functions are equally important. | j) , . |
|
|
|
Task 5.Translate the given sentences into Russian, your book and translate them back into English.
1. Vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism.
2. Thirteen vitamins are universally recognized at present.
3. Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not by their structure.
4. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions.
5. The term vitamin was derived from vitamine, meaning amine of life.
6. Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
7. Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved easily in water.
8. Vitamins are essential for the normal growth and development of a multicellular organism.
9. Humans must consume vitamins periodically but with differing schedules, to avoid deficiency.
10. Being overdosed, some vitamins may cause side-effects suchas nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Task 6.Retell the text.
