1. organic compound
2. tiny amounts
3. sufficient quantities
4. biological and chemical activity
5. biochemical functions
6. hormone-like functions
7. detachable molecules
8. best-known function
9. derive
10. shorten
11. water-soluble
12. fat-soluble
13. normal growth
14. periodically
15. differing schedules
Task 3.Answer the questions.
1. What is vitamin?
2. Can vitamins be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism?
3. Where are vitamins obtained from?
4. How many vitamins are universally recognized at present?
5. How are vitamins classified?
6. What biochemical functions of vitamins do you know?
7. What does the term vitamin mean?
8. Who is the author of this term?
9. How many fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins are there in humans?
10. What are vitamins essential for?
11. How must humans consume vitamins to avoid deficiency?
12. What happens when vitamins are overdosed?
Task 4. Match the English sentences to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. An organic chemical compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. | а) Витамины, возможно, менее тесно связаны с катализаторами ферментов |
| 2. Some vitamins have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism (e.g., vitamin D). | б) Витамином называют такое органическое химическое соединение, которое не может быть синтезировано организмом в достаточных количествах, и поэтому должно быть получено из пищевых продуктов. |
| 3.Others function as antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E and sometimes vitamin C). | с) Другие функции витаминов также нужны. |
| 4. The largest number of vitamins (e.g., B complex vitamins) function as precursors for enzyme cofactors. | d)Другие функционируют так антиоксиданты (витамин Е и иногда витамин С). |
| 5. Vitamins may also be less tightly bound to enzyme catalysts. | е) Жирорастворимые витамины абсорбируются в желудочно-кишечном тракте с помощью липидов. |
| 6. Folic acid carries various forms of carbon group – methyl, formyl, and methylene–in the cell. | f) Наибольшее число витаминов (например, витамины комплекса В) функционируют как клетки-предшественники для кофакторов ферментов. |
| 7. The term vitamin was derived from vital and amine, meaning amine of life. | g) Некоторые витамины функционируют подобно гормонам, регулируя минеральный обмен (витамин D). |
| 8. This proved incorrect for the micronutrient class, and the word was shortened to vitamin. | h)Термин витамин (vitamine) былобразован от vital и amine, что означает амин жизни. |
| 9. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids (fats). | i) Фолиевая кислота переносит в клетке различные формы углеводородов–метил, формил и метилен. |
| 10. The other vitamin functions are equally important. | j) Это оказалось неверным в отношении класса микроскопических питательных элементов, и слово было сокращено до «витаминов». |
Task 5.Translate the given sentences into Russian, your book and translate them back into English.
1. Vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism.
2. Thirteen vitamins are universally recognized at present.
3. Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not by their structure.
4. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions.
5. The term vitamin was derived from “vitamine”, meaning amine of life.
6. Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
7. Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved easily in water.
8. Vitamins are essential for the normal growth and development of a multicellular organism.
9. Humans must consume vitamins periodically but with differing schedules, to avoid deficiency.
10. Being overdosed, some vitamins may cause side-effects suchas nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Task 6.Retell the text.
