, , , , .
. , , .
, - , .
1.1.
, , . .
, . . () , . , .
, , . .
, , . , , . ().
, , . , .
, .
Al2 O3. , , . , .. . .
, , , . , .
|
|
:
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- (-) .
2.
, .. : , , ..
2.1.
. - , ., , . , .
2.2.
, .
. , . , . - 1-2 - , . .
(.1) ( - , - , - , - ) .
2.3.
, 250. , , .
, .
- . , , :
- , ;
- 10 ;
- , ;
- .
, .
. , .
. .
|
|
, , , . , . , .
, - , . , , .
. 2.
. 2
1-3%- .
.
. 1 2.
|
|
| 1 |
| |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 3070 | = 5070 | |
|
| 2025 | t = 10 |
|
| 515 | = 310 /2 |
|
| 1020 |
|
2 | , |
| |
|
|
| |
3 | 50100 | t = 12 | |
4 |
|
| |
5 | 3040 | = 2040 | |
|
| 130160 | = 0,82 /2 |
|
| 1025 |
|
|
| 3040 |
|
|
| 812 |
|
6 |
|
| |
7 | 13%- |
| |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
| |
|
|
| = 7090 |
9 | - | ||
10 |
|
: 1. , , . 3002-70.
2. .
1 | |||
| |||
/ | (/ ) | ||
1 | 3070 | = 5070 | |
2025 | t = 10 | ||
515 | = 310 /2 | ||
1020 | |||
2 | , | ||
3 | 50100 | t = 12 | |
4 | |||
5 | 3040 | = 2040 | |
130160 | = 0,82 /2 | ||
1025 | |||
3040 | |||
812 | |||
6 | |||
7 | 13%- | ||
8 | |||
= 7090 | |||
9 | - | ||
10 |
|
. 22 1 = 1 /2.
|
|
900 . . 3.
1 | |||
| |||
/ | (/ ) | ||
1 | 3070 | = 5070 | |
2025 | t = 10 | ||
515 | = 310 /2 | ||
1020 | |||
2 | , | ||
3 | 50100 | t = 12 | |
4 | |||
5 | 3040 | = 2040 | |
130160 | = 0,82 /2 | ||
1025 | |||
3040 | |||
812 | |||
6 | |||
7 | 13%- | ||
8 | |||
= 7090 | |||
9 | - | ||
10 |
|
: 1. 35 .
2. , .
2.4.
, 300, , .
, .
. . , , ..
, , , , , , .
. 3
, . , .
900 2 130...200o (. 3).
. 3.
. 4 6.
|
|
| 4 | ||
| |||||
/ |
| (/ ) | |||
1 | 3070 | = 50 | |||
|
| 2025 | 70 | ||
|
| 515 | t = 10 | ||
|
| 1020 | = 310 /2 | ||
2 | , | = 4050 | |||
|
|
| |||
3 | 50100 | t = 12 | |||
4 |
|
| |||
5 | 2045 | = 1640 | |||
|
| 50120 | = 210 /2 | ||
|
| 50100 |
| ||
|
| 0,55,0 |
| ||
6 |
|
| |||
7 | 13%- |
| |||
|
|
|
| ||
8 |
|
| |||
|
|
| = 7090 | ||
9 | - | ||||
10 |
|
. .
|
|
| 5 |
| |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 3070 | = 5070 | |
|
| 2025 | t = 10 |
|
| 515 | = 310 /2 |
|
| 1020 |
|
2 | , | = 4050 | |
|
|
| |
3 | 50100 | t = 12 | |
4 |
|
| |
5 | 150300 | = 1840 | |
|
| 40100 | = 13 /2 |
|
| 2030 |
|
|
| 5100 |
|
6 |
|
| |
7 | 13%- |
| |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
| |
|
|
| = 7090 |
9 | - | ||
10 |
|
2.5.
- 0,51,5 , , 20...80 .
. , .
- , - .
.4
. 4. . , 6...8% .
. , , . .
, . , , , 1,25 .
. 6, 7 8.
|
|
| 6 |
- | |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 3070 | = 5070 | |
|
| 2025 | t = 10 |
|
| 515 | = 310 /2 |
|
| 1020 |
|
2 |
| = 4050 | |
3 |
| = 1520 | |
4 | 50100 | = 1520 | |
|
|
| t = 12 |
5 | 250350 | = 4547 | |
|
| 2,73,8 | = 1525 /2 |
6 |
| = 1520 | |
7 |
| = 8590 | |
|
|
| |
8 |
| ||
9 |
| ||
10 | |||
11 | - |
: 1. .
2. .
|
|
| 7
| ||
| |||||
/ |
| (/ ) | |||
1 | 3070 | = 5070 | |||
|
| 2025 | t = 10 | ||
|
| 515 | = 310 /2 | ||
|
| 1020 |
| ||
2 |
| = 4550 | |||
3 |
| = 1520 | |||
4 | 50100 | = 1520 | |||
|
|
| t = 12 | ||
5 | 125250 | = 4255 | |||
|
| 1,22,5 | = 1535 /2 | ||
6 |
| = 1520 | |||
7 |
| = 8590 | |||
8 | = 200230 t = 3 | ||||
9 |
|
| |||
10 |
|
. 900 .
|
|
| 8 |
| |||
( > 1400 ) | |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 3070 | = 7090 | |
|
| 2025 |
|
|
| 515 | |
|
| 1020 |
|
2 |
| = 4550 | |
3 |
|
| |
4 | 125250 | = 5060 | |
| 1,52 | t = 4050 | |
|
|
| = 3040 /2 |
5 | 125250 | = 5060 | |
|
| 1,22,5 | = 4555 /2 |
6 |
| = 1520 | |
7 |
| = 4550 | |
8 |
| = 100110 | |
9 | = 200230 t = 3 | ||
10 | = 4050 | ||
11 | |||
12 | -7 24 | = 7080 | |
13 |
|
| |
14 |
|
2.6.
. . . 9.
|
|
| 9 |
| |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 3070 | = 4555 | |
|
| 2025 | t = 510 |
|
| 515 |
|
|
| 1020 |
|
2 |
|
| |
3 |
|
| |
4 | 180325 | = 4555Ѡ t = 2040 | |
5 |
|
| |
6 |
| <= 50Ѡ | |
7 |
. 0,5...2%- .
3.
. , .
.1.
. : .
, .. . 13... 25 35 8...12 , 5 .
.
. , , 8- 9- .
3 , , , .
, , .
3...5%- . , .
3.2.
.
.
. , .
. , .
, .
. 5. . . .
. 5
. 10 11.
|
|
| 10 |
| |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 2050 | = 6070 | |
|
| 812 |
|
|
| 2535 |
|
2 |
| = 4050 | |
|
| () | = 1520 |
3 | 20%- | t = 35 | |
4 |
|
| |
5 | 5060 | = 4560 t<= 2 | |
6 |
| ||
|
|
| |
7 | 20%- | t = 35 | |
8 |
| ||
9 | 180200 | = 1525 | |
| 3523 | = 3040 /2 U = 1325 | |
10 |
|
| |
|
|
| = 50 |
11 | 4055 | = 9095 | |
|
|
| t = 2025 |
12 |
| = 50 | |
13 |
| = 6070Ѡ t = 1015 | |
14 |
|
|
|
| 11 |
() | |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 2050 | = 6070 | |
|
| 812 | t = 35 |
|
| 2535 |
|
2 |
| = 4050 | |
|
|
|
|
3 | 20%- | t = 35 | |
4 |
|
| |
5 | 5060 | = 4560 t<= 2 | |
6 |
| ||
|
|
| |
7 | 20%- | t = 35 | |
8 |
| ||
9 | 5055 | = 39+-2 | |
|
| =0,32,7 /2 U = 40 t = 55 | |
10 |
|
| |
|
|
| = 50 |
11 | 4055 | = 9095 | |
|
|
| t = 2025 |
12 |
| = 50 | |
13 |
| = 6070Ѡ t = 1015 | |
14 | - |
4.
, .
.
, , , .
. 2 , . 30...60 .
, 90...400.
.
. 12 1.
|
|
| 12 |
| |||
| |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 4060 | = 6090 | |
|
| 1025 | t = 515 |
|
| 2030 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
3 | 2030% | = 6070Ѡ t = 812 | |
4 |
|
| |
5 | 1520 | = 7080Ѡ t = 30 2 | |
|
| (1,4) 1525 / | |
|
| 0,751,25 | |
6 |
| ||
|
|
| |
7 |
| = 90100 | |
|
| () 4050 | t = 1520 |
8 |
|
| |
|
|
| = 3040 |
|
|
| = 50 |
9 |
| = 6070Ѡ | |
10 |
: 1. .
2. .
|
|
| 13 |
| |||
/ |
| (/ ) | |
1 | 4060 | = 6090 | |
|
| 1025 | t = 515 |
|
| 2030 |
|
2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
3 | 2030% | = 6070Ѡ t = 812 | |
4 |
|
| |
5 | 250300 | = 8085Ѡ | |
|
| 6080 | U = 7590 |
|
| (85%) 6070 / | = 46 /2 t = 3040 |
6 |
| ||
|
|
| |
7 |
| = 90100 | |
|
| 4050 | t = 1520 |
8 |
| = 3040 | |
|
|
| = 50 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
| = 6070Ѡ |