Globe
Earth ()
map
hemisphere
the Western ~ -
the Eastern ~ -
tropics
equator
meridian
longitude
latitude
zone , ,
continent
continental
pole
the North Pole
the South Pole
arctic , ,
the Arctic Circle
within the Arctic Circle
antarctic ,
the Antarctic Circle
surface
to vary (), (),
scenery - ,
Sides of the world
north
northern ['nɔ:ðən]
south [sauΘ] -
southern ['sʌðən]
east
eastern
west
western
in the north / south / east / west / / /
to the north / south / east / west of - / / /
horizon [hə'raizn]
on the ~ -
Country
state
power
kingdom
republic
colony
former colony
dominion
nation ,
nationality
people (peoples )
population
~ at large
~ control
~ explosion
density of population
densely populated
sparsely / thinly populated
to populate
area , , ,
region , ,
territory
border (on) 1. (); 2.
frontier ['frʌntjə]
administration division
region
territory
district
county (.), (.)
state
Land ,
relief [rı'lı:f]
average height
highest point
highland , ,
upland
lowland ,
tableland ,
plateau ['plætəʊ] , (pl. s; -x)
plain
flat plain
grassy plain ,
valley
gorge - ,
canyon [''kænjən] ,
ravine [rə'vı:n] , ;
precipice ['presıpıs]
mountain
the top of a ~ -
the foot of a ~ -
peak ,
chain of mountains
mountain range
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range 2 - , (, )
range 3 - , ( ~ along, ~ with)
f.e. The path ranges with the brook. .
mountainous ['mauntınəs]
hill , ,
slope
steep ~ -
gentle ~ -
rock
rocky
cliff
volcano
active ~ -
extinct ~ -
volcanic
of volcanic origin
eruption
crater
lave ['la:və]
earthquake
steppe
savanna
prairie ,
desert ['dezət]
sandy desert
to stretch
sea level
above ~ -
below ~ -
Waters
ocean
the Pacific ~ -
the Atlantic ocean
the Indian ocean
the Arctic ocean -
sea
sea-way
waterway
outlet ( )
tide
ebb
channel , ()
strait
peninsula
peninsular
isthmus ['ısməs]
cape
beach , , ,
shelf , (),
lake
fresh-water lake
pond
canal
river
shallow / deep ~ - /
to rise in / to have its rise in / to take its rise in f.e. The Volga rises in the Valdai Hills.
to flow / to run / to empty into ,
to flow from / out of
the current of a river
the bed of the river
the mouth of a river
estuary
tributary
stream ,
brook
streamlet
spring ,
navigable
waterfall
rapids ,
creek 1. , ; 2. . , ,
bay , ,
gulf 1. , 2. ,
harbour
coast
coast line
shore (, )
bank ()
indentation , ,
swamp
swampy ground
bog ,
marsh ,
moor
basin (, ; )
Climate
good / bad ~ - /
cold / warm / hot ~ - / /
wet (damp) / dry ~ - /
mild / severe (rigorous) ~ - /
healthy / unhealthy ~ - /
arctic / subarctic ~ - /
continental ~ -
moderate ~ -
subtropical / tropical ~ - /
rainfall
rich ~ -
light / small ~ -
fog
heavy / dense fog
flora ( )
vegetation
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forest
virgin ~ -
coniferous ~ -
leaf bearing ~ -
mixed ~ -
evergreen
wood (often pl.) ,
taiga / black forest
grove
glade
tundra
dwarf tees
moss
lichen ['laıken]
fern
fir
pine
birch
oak
maple
cedar
lime
poplar
ash-tree
lilac
mountain ash / rowan-tree
bird-cherry tree
willow
lotus
ginseng
liana
fauna ( )
bear
polar bear
fox
polar fox
wolf (pl. wolves)
hare
squirrel
elk
lynx
roe
wild boar
sable
ermine
deer
reindeer
eagle
birds of passage -
birds of prey
economy ,
national ~ - ,
industry
home ~ -
large-scale ~ -
a branch of industry
heavy ~ - ~
metallurgy
ferrous metallurgy
non-ferrous metallurgy
coal-mining ~ - ~
machine-building / engineering ~ - ~
aircraft ~ - ~
electrical engineering
chemical ~ - ~
construction ~ - ~
ship-building ~ - ~
light ~ - ~
textile ~ - ~
food ~ - ~
dairy ~ - ~
leather and footwear ~ - - ~
timber / lumber (Am.) ~ - ~, ~
forestry
industrial
~ area
~ goods
industrialization
manufacture 1. , , ; 2.
goods /
consumer goods
import 1. ['ımpɔ:t] ;
2. [ım'pɔ:t] ;
export 1. ['ekspɔ:t] ;
2. [eks'pɔ:t] ;
raw ,
raw materials
food-stuff
machinery
resources ;
natural ~ -
mineral ~ / minerals
waterpower ~ - -
power station
hydro- ~ -
atomic ~ -
mine 1. , , ,
2. (, ..)
deposit
timber (),
pipe 1. ;
2.
f.e. Oil from wells at Maikop and Grozny is piped to the other parts of the country.
Ore
metal
metal ores
iron ore
iron
non-ferrous ores
nickel
uranium
zinc
copper
gold
silver
lead [led]
tin
asbestos
coal
coal-field ,
peat
oil
oilfield
gas
gas deposits