Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
West Kazakhstan State University named M. Utemisov
Natural-geographical faculty
Department of Biology and ecology
Cipher, specialty 5B011300 -"Biology"
The subject "Molecular biology"
Test
1. The patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is assigned rifampicin, which inhibits the enzyme RNA polymerase at the stage of initiation of the process:
A Broadcasts
B Replication
C Transcriptions
D Reparations
E Amplification
F.Translocation
G. Translocation or broadcasts
H. Replication, Broadcasts
2. Hereditary information is determined by the nucleotide sequence in the DNA. Indicate what process directly ensures the implementation of hereditary information in the polypeptide chain:
A Replication
B Transformation
C Translocation
D Translation
E Transcription
F. Broadcasts
G. Triplets
H. Amino acids
3. Of the 64 triplets that encode amino acids, the initiator is one codon that encodes the amino acid methionine. Specify this triplet:
A UCG
B AAG
C GSU
D GAC
E CAU
F. CAU, GAC
G. UUG
H. TAG
4. On the lagging polynucleotide chain of the "replicative fork", DNA polymerase forms Okaucas fragments. Name the enzyme, which stitches these fragments into a single chain.
A Prime
B DNA ligase
C Exonuclease
D RNA polymerase
E DNA polymerase
F.amino acids
G. Alanina
H. Tyrosine
5. In alkaptonuria, there is excessive excretion of homogentisinic acid in the urine. With the violation of the metabolism of which amino acid is associated with the onset of this disease
A Phenylalanine
B Methionine
C Tyrosine
D Alanina
E Asparagine
F. Prime
G. Amino acids
H. Metabolism
6. The patient turned to the doctor with complaints about the inability to stay under the sun's rays, skin burns, visual impairment. Albinism was diagnosed. What enzyme deficiency occurs?
A Ornithine carbamoyl transferase
B DOPA oxidases
C Tyrosinase
D Phenylalanine hydroxylase
E Arginases
F. Metabolism
G. Prime
H. Asparagine
7. A large group of antibiotics, which are used in medicine, inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Which of the following processes inhibits actinomycin?
A Initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
B Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
C Initiation of translation in prokaryotes
D Peptidyltransferase reaction of the translation process
E Elongation of the polypeptide chain in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
F. Translation or transcription
G. Elongation or transcription
H. Amino acids
8. When the patient is examined, the diagnosis is alkaponuria. Deficiency of which enzyme is caused by this pathology?
A Tyrosinase
B Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C Thyroxine hydroxylase
D Homo-gentisinic acid oxidases
E Monoamine oxidases
F. Elongation of the polypeptide chain in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
G. Initiation of translation in prokaryotes
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H. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
9. One type of transmission of hereditary information is replication. Indicate which enzymes during the replication take part in the process of connecting the individual fragments?
A DNA ligase
B DNA polymerase-1
C DNA Polymerase-2
D DNA polymerase-3
E Ribonuclease H
F. Inhibits DNA ligase
G. blocks the activity of aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase
H. transmission of hereditary
10. Pharmaceutical preparation rifampicin is used, as antituberculous and antibacterial. What biochemical processes does it affect?
A Inhibits DNA ligase
B blocks the activity of aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase
C Inhibits DNA polymerase
D Inhibits RNA polymerase at the initiation stage
E Blocks the action of protein factors in protein synthesis
F. Ribonuclease H
G. Repression of the operon
H. Depression of the operon
11. RNA of the AIDS virus, penetrated deep into the leukocyte and with the help of the enzyme revertase serves as the reason for the synthesis of viral DNA in the cell. This process is based on:
A Repression of the operon
B Depression of the operon
C Feedback
D Conventional replication
E Reverse Transcription
F. Elongation or transcription
G.transcription or translocation
H. all the right
12. A man of 58 years old made an operation for prostate cancer. After 3 months, he underwent a course of radiation and chemotherapy. The complex of drugs included 5-fluorodeoxyuridine - an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. Synthesis of what substance is blocked by this drug?
A tRNA
B RRNA
C DNA
D mRNA
E Squirrel
F. amino acid
G. all the right
H. RNA
13. In case of bacterial intoxication, antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, kanomycin) are used. On what stages of protein synthesis of the microbial cells do they work?
A Processing
B Transport of RNA
C Transcription
D Broadcast
E Replication
F. Translocation
G.Squirrel
H. Prime
14. The development of methods for isolating genes and combining them in new combinations has become a new biochemical achievement of genetic research. To join DNA chains that are isolated from different organisms, use:
A Restriction endonuclease
B Liaz
C Synthesis
D Helicase
E Transferase
F. Polysome
G. Prime
H. Translocation
15. A large group of antibiotics, which are used in medicine, inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Which specific process or reaction from the following inhibits erythromycin?
A Translocation of ribosomes to mRNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
B Initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
C Peptidyl transferase reaction of the translation process in prokaryotes
D Binding of aminoacyl-t-RNA in the A-center of the prokaryotic ribosome.
E Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
F.Inhibits proteolytic enzymes
G.Inhibits enzymes by the allosteric mechanism
H. Causes denaturation of enzymes
16. Oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil, which is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthetase. With the oppression of what process is its effect?
A Synthesis of lipids
B Decay of carbohydrates
C Purine nucleotide synthesis
D Decay of Purine Nucleotides
E Synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
F. Synthesis of carbons
G. Synthesis of thymines
H. Transcription
17. Which enzyme is the pathway for the synthesis of different genes from matrix RNA to DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme catalyzes the process discovered in RNA-containing viruses)?
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A DNA ligase
B Helicase
C Exonucleases
D Reverses
E Endonuclease
F. Prime
G. Nucleotides
H. RNA synthesis
18. With albinism, the pigment melanin does not form in the body. With the violation of the metabolism of which amino acid is associated with the occurrence of this disease?
A Glutamine
B Asparagine
C Alanina
D Methionine
E Phenylalanine
F. Thymine
G. Cytosine
H. everything is correct
19. During the transcription in the nucleus of the cell, the complementary RNA transcript is biosynthesized on the DNA template. Which enzyme catalyzes this process?
A Prime
B DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C DNA ligase
D DNA polymerase
E DNase
F. Synthesis of protein
G. RNA polymerase
H. everything is correct
20. Oncogenic viruses use reverse transcription to transfer their information from RNA to DNA. Indicate by which enzyme hybrid RNA-DNA is formed.
A DNA synthetase
B RNA polymerase
C Transcriptase
D Revertase
E Ribonuclease
F.evetything is correct
G. protein synthesis
H. DNA polymerase
21. Protein synthesis is carried out on the ribosomes after the stage of activation of amino acids and their entry into the ribosome by means of tRNA. Indicate which amino acid is the first in biosynthesis.
A Valine
B Serin
C Glycine
D Formylmethionine
E Cysteine
F. everything is correct
G. blocks the action of MAO
H. DNA polymerase
22. An antineoplastic preparation of 5-fluorouracil acts as a competitive inhibitor of enzymes that participate in the synthesis of DNA. Specify which enzyme is blocked in this process.
A Guanosine synthetase
B Uracyl Synthesis
C Adenine synthetase
D Thymidine synthetase
E Cytosine synthetase
F. Protein synthesis
G. Polymerase
H. everything is correct
23. A patient with a malignant tumor was prescribed chemotherapy with cytostatics. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?
A Inhibits the synthesis of thymidine monophosphate
B Blocks the action of MAO (monoamine oxidase)
C Inhibits proteolytic enzymes
D Inhibits enzymes by the allosteric mechanism
E Causes denaturation of enzymes
F. Prime
G. Synthesis
H. everything is correct
24. In conditions of prolonged intoxication of animals with tetrachloromethane, a significant decrease in the activity of aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases in hepatocytes was revealed. Which metabolic process is violated in this case?
A Biosynthesis of proteins
B RNA transcription
C DNA replication
D Post-translational modification of peptides
E Posttranscriptional modification of RNA
F.DNA elongation
G. RNA or DNA transcription
H. Synthesis
25. Delay of cell division of malignant tumors occurs under the influence of drugs that block the synthesis of dTMP, inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Select a connection that can affect this way.
A 5-Fluorouracil
B Timin
C Hypoxanthin
D Dihydroorotat
E Adenolosuccinate
F. Cytosine
G. Prime
H.Polysome
26. In the second elongation step, a peptide bond is formed in the A region, where the second aminoacyl tRNA is located. In the A-section, N-formylmethionine is transferred from the P-site. Specify by which enzyme the first peptide bond is formed?
A Peptidyl transferase
B TransLock
C RNA polymerase
D DNA polymerase
E Synthesis
F. Polysome
G. DNA
H. mRNA
27. With the occasional use of fungi (pallid grebe), which contains the poison α-amanitin, the human body is poisoned. Indicate which enzyme is inhibited by this poison?
A RNA polymerase II
B DNA polymerase
C DNA synthetase
D Peptidyltransferase
E Transloksa
F. Translation
G. Transcription
H. mRNA
28. Nucleic acids provide storage and transfer to the descendants of hereditary information, as well as a mechanism for its implementation. Which nucleic acid contains information on the number and order of amino acid residues in the protein molecule?
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A mRNA
B tRNA
C iRNA
D 18SrRNA
E 28SrRNA
F. DNA
G. Translocation
H. DNA or RNA
29. In the process of recognition, the reaction of the activation of amino acids and their attachment to a specific tRNA catalyzes one enzyme. Specify this enzyme.
A Aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase
B Ribonuclease
C DNA ligase
D Nucleotidase
E Deoxyribonuclease
F. all the right
G. tRNA
H. mRNA
30. The newly synthesized organic compound specifically inhibits the activity of reverse transcriptase. What is the most likely pharmacological action of this substance?
A Antineoplastic
B Antiviral
C Antimicrobial
D Immunodepressive
E Radioprotective
F. Nucleotidase
G. Amino acid
H. Transcriptase
Approved at faculty meeting
Protocol ___ from "__" ___________ 2017.
Head.the Department:_________________ Alzhanova B. S.
