:
:
.
, , .
| && | Ȼ (AND) | 1, , 0 |
| || | Ȼ (OR) | 1, - , 0 |
, :
1, ;
0, .
:
A = 4;
B = 6;
D = 10;
C = (A>B) || (D>=A); // C 1
= (A!=B) && (D>=A); // C 1
:
| == | ( ) | N==0 |
| != | ( ) | N!=8 |
| < | N<9 | |
| > | N>7 | |
| <= | N<=12 | |
| >= | N>=11 | |
| ! | !A = 0 |
, :
1, ;
0, .
:
| I- | ! | |
| II- | && | |
| III- | || |
11. . . .
:
, , .
: intA = 10; intB, C; C = B =A-1.
, .
| () | int S; char T; S = (int)T; |
() (typecast) :
(explicit) .
(implicit) , , ( ).
:
,
int X;
int Y = 200;
char C = 30;
X = (int)C * 10 + Y; // int
char ( ) char:
char C=255;
int S;
S = (int)C; // char signed, S=-1, S=1
|
|
|
:
, , , , 2- 3- ?:; .
.
.
.
switch .
(if, for, while, do-while).
:
| char C; | // sizeof(C) ->1 |
| int I; | // sizeof(I) -> 2 |
| long int L; | // sizeof(L) -> 4 |
| double D; | // sizeof(D) -> 8 |
| float F; | // sizeof(F) -> 4 |
| r=sizeof(I+L); | // r -> 4 |
| r=sizeof(I+D); | // r -> 8 |
| r=sizeof(F+3.2); | // r -> 8 |
| r=sizeof(C+I); | // r -> 2 |
, :
o char (!) .
o float int .
o double float .
| short int I=312; char C; long int L=54000; C=I; //C 56, 8 I = L; //I -11536 | int I; double D=3.45678969; //D 3.45678968999999999 float B, F=25.97; B=D; //B 3.4567897 I=F; //I 25 |
, , , "=1", , "=0" .
| intr, X=2, Y=5, Z=5; | |
| r=X<=Y; | //r -> 1 |
| r=Z>5; | //r -> 0 |
| r=Y==Z; | //r -> 1 |
.
.
| ! | ! |
| int L; double D = 9E-25; D = D * 1E25; L = (D == 9); | #include <stdlib.h> #define EPS 0.0001 int L; double D=9E-25; D = D * 1E25; L = (abs(D-9)<=EPS); |
12. . . .
:
/ , . - , / ANSI . (stdin) (stdout) . . , - , .
/ conio.h
conio.h , .
MS Windows ( MS DOS), .. UNIX/Linux .
"" / (, "-" , , ..).
|
|
|
.
/ . / .
/:
<stdio.h>.
printf() stdout ( ).
scanf() stdin ( ).
/ (fprintf/fscanf) (sprintf/sscanf).
printf() :
- .
.
.
(, ..) .
- .
8 16.
.
:
o - %. .
o - %s ( \0).
:
o %d %i ()
o :
- %u
- %o
- %x %X
:
o - %e %E
o - %f
o - %g ( %e %f) %G ( %E %f).
% :
- .x. :
o (!) (.. , ).
o - . ( -) ( ).
0.
+.
( "+") " " () - .
-( ).
(long) l -u.
