+,
+
+
-,
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
, Na+-Cl¯ Ca2+ *
,
*
, -
,
, -
*
6 ()
4
5
0
0
0
12
10
8
13
14
11
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
9
13
12
11
10
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
()
9
8
7
12
11
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
6
5
7
8
0
0
0
0
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
|
|
|
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
-
5
1
3
2
4
1
4
2
3
5
