.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


: , ,




, . . , , , .. .

, , , . , . , , , ( ) .

 

- , , , - .

 

:

;

;

.

, .

 

, .

 

: - . - , . : -, , ; -, ( , ; ; ..).

, .

 

, : , , . :

( . consumption ) ;

I (I . investment ) ;

G (G . government ) ;

Xn () ().

 

:

AD = C + I + G + Xn.

 

, , . , , .

 

AD ( . aggregate demand) , .

 

AD , (.9.1). AD . : MV = PQ,

,

, ;

Q , ;

;

V .

, AD .

 

 


, , . :

1. ( ), .. . , , , . . , . :

 

↑,→ / ↓,→ i ↑,→ I ↓,→ AD ↓.

 

2. ( ). (, ), , , :

 

↑,→ / ↓,→ ↓,→ AD↓.

 

3. . , :

 

↑,→ x↓,→ Xn↓, → AD↓.

 

, , , ( , , ), ( , , , ), , ( , ..).

, () (V) . , AD V; AD = f (, V). . AD. , ( ) AD (.9.1), A 1 D 1. , , . AD . A 2 D 2.

 

, ( ).

 

, .

, AS ( . aggregate supply), , ( ) .

 

AS () ().

AS = = = Y.

(, , , ):

 

AS = + + +

 

, , AS. :

, ;

, , ;

, . , .

. . , , .

, . AS, (A 1 S 1) (2 S 2) (.9.1).

, :

(, , ). , AS . ;

AS ;

(, ): , , , , .

, , , , . , .

AS , AS ( ).

( 2 3- )

(, , ) , . ( , , , ) , . , , , , , .

, , AS , , AS ( ) ( ).

: (AD- AS)

(.9.2).

, 1. Q 1, a Q 2. , , . , Qe. Q . .

 

 

 


, () (.9.3).

 

 


. Qe . , Q2, Qe. . , Qe. Q 1, Qe Q .

, ( , , ) . , (.9.4).

 

 

 


ADl AD 2 Q 1 Q 2, . AD 2 AD 3 Q 2 Q 3 3, , . () AD 4 AD 5 , 4 5, .

, ? , . () , . , (.9.4).

AD 5 AD 4 AD 5 AD 2, . : . , . -, , , . ( - , , , .) . , .

AD - AS. , , AS, (.9.5). "" , AS , , , " " (.9.6).

 

 

 


, , , , (AD 1 AD 2), , , 2. , ( AS AS 1 AS 2). AD 2 , 3, ( AD 2 ). . Y *.





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