, .: Alferink (2007); DeBell and Harless (1992); Delia Sala (2007); Druckman and Bjork (1991); Druckman and Swets (1988); Ehrenberg, Brewer, Gamoran and Willms (2001); Furnham (1996); Greene (2005); Jimerson, Carlson, Rotert, Egeland and Sroufe (1997); Lubinski, Benbow, Webb and Bleske-Rechek (2006); Phelps (2009); Sternberg (1996); Willerman (1979).
,
, : , , , , . , , , . , , . ,
. ? , , , , , , . ?
, , , ,
. (17341815). , , , . , , . , , 1940 . , , , , , . (), , .
1784
, ( ). , - , , , (. ). , ,