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[2] , (Cheung [1982] 1986). , , . . , . , , - . 30 , , , . , .
[3] . , , , . ., : Wang 1989; Esherick, Kickowicz, Walder 2006; MacFarquhar, Schoenhals 2006; Gruo Dehong, Wang Haiguang, Han Gang 2009 III. , , , , , 1 70 , (.: Chen Tung-fa 2001: 846). , 659 (Wang Touqin 2004). (Feng Jicai 1990). (19661968) (Wälder 2009).
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[4] , , , . , , , 1959 . . , , , .
[5] : .
[6] : Tang Jisheng 2008; Dikötter 2010.
; , . : Lin Tu-sheng 1979.
[7] is Dead // The Economist. 1976. September 11.
[8]New Tork Times. 1976. September 10. Sect. 1. P. 17.
[9]World News Digest. 1976. September 11. LexisNexis.
[10]Reform is China's Second Revolution [ ] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 ). (Harding 1987).
[11] , , (People's Daily. 1949. November 20).
[12] , (), .: Bianco 1971; Dirlik 1989; Pantsov 2000; Smith 2000. , . ʻ (1997), : Chen Tung-fa 2001. : Saich 1996, ʻ 2001 .
[13] ; , . . -- .: Garver 1988; Heinzig 2004; Tang Kuisong 1999.
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[15]Otto (Braun 1982).
[16]On tactics against Japanese imperialism [ ], 27 1935 ( Zedong 19671977 I: 179).
[17] , (Snow 1937).
[18] , , . .: Radchenko 2009: 5; Tang Kuisong 1999.
[19] , , Sun Shuyun 2006.
[20] , , .: Gao Hua 2000. .: Seiden 1971; Seiden 1995; Chen Tungfa 1990.
[21] . (Radchenko 2009: 39). .: Pang Xianzhi, Jin Chongji 2003: 2858.
[22] , , , , . ( , , ).
[23] 156 156 , ( , , : Dong Zhikai, Wu Jiang 2004).
[24]He , . , , .: Li Huayu 2006.
[25] , , , , . (MacFarquhar, Fairbank 1987; MacFarquhar, Fairbank 1991). , : Meisner 1999; Cray 1990; Cray 2006. 1949 , (Bramall 2009). , (Naughton 2007). : Riskin 1987. . 19491976 (Lin Tunhui, Fan Shouxin, Zhang Cong 1989), : Cong Jin 1989; Wang 1989. (19491981), . , Zhonggua Renmin Congheguo Zhuanti Shi Cao [ ] (Sichuan People's Press, 2004), . : Sun Jian 1992; Wu Li 1999; Su Shaozhi 2002; Hu Angang 2008. (Zhao Dexin 19881999). . : Wang Mng 2008.
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[26] : Walker 1984; Tibo 1997: 180199; Lin Tunhui 2009: 90-116.
[27] , 30 . .: Cheng Tiejun, Seiden 1994; Wang Fei-ling 2005.
[28] , . , , , (Luo Pinghan 2005: 173221). , ( 1992: 67). , , (Ibid.).
[29] .: Kueh 2006.
[30] .: Huang Zheng 2004: 155176.
[31] , 20 (Vogel 2010).
[32] : Zhou Hancheng 2003.
[33] 1980- (Cheung 2009: 101).
[34] , , .: Spence 1999; Short 1999; (Jin Chongji 1996) : Pang Xianzhi, Jin Chongji 2003. , (Wei Chengtung 1999). , ; .: Schwarcz 1992. . : Li Rui 1999; Grao Hua 2000; Wang Ruoshui 2001.
[35] .: Spence 1999: 1630; Short 1999: 3981; Jin Chongji 1996: 1539.
[36] : , . , , . . , , . (. : Short 1999: 83). , , ( ), , , . 1949 , ( : Wang Fan-Sen 2000).
[37] 1949 , , (., : Fu Ouoyong 2010). , , , , . , , ; (Wu Mngkun 1993) (Wei Junyi 1998).
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[38] .: Chang 1995.
[39] . . : Wu Mngkun 1993; Wei Junyi 1998; Zhou Tiliang 1998; Wu Zuguang 2004; Liu Kedi 2005; Wang Rongzhu 2005.
[40], , - (Balazs 1964: 6). My . .: Qian Mu 2001: 15; Tu Ying-shih 2004.
[41] , -, . , , , , (Polanyi 1966).
[42] (Liang Shuming 2004: 139).
[43] .: Ibid., 146155; Alitto 1979; Liu Kedi 2005; Liang Shuming, Alitto 2009.
[44] 20- .: Lu Jiandong 1995; Wang Rongzhu 2005.
[45] .: Li Hui 2003.
[46] : , , . : Gruo Dehong, Wang Haiguang, Han Gang 2009 II; Zhu Zhen 1998; Shen Zhihua 2008. (Shao Tanxiang 2007). , , . , ( ), , , . , . .
[47] .. 25 1956 . 5 1956 , XX . . ( . .)
[48] .. .: Luthi 2008; Radchenko 2009.
[49] . . China Economic Review (1998. Vol. 9. 2). .: Tang Jisheng 2008; Dikötter 2010. : Becker 1998. , (Thaxton 2008).
[50]People's Daily. 1958. August 27.
[51]Ibid. September 18.
[52]China Youth. 1958. June 16.
[53] (11 7 1962 ) . . ., : Cong Jin 1989: 299; Zhang Shuhua 2006: 277288.
[54]., , , . 1.
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[55] : Qian Mu 2005: 1-37, 3856; Schrecker 2004, . 1 2. .: Feng Tianyu 2006.
[56] , , , , , .: Xie Chuntao 2008; Cheng Zhongyuan, Wang Tuxiang, Li Zhenghua 2008; Liu Jie, Xu Lushan 2009; Xiao Donglian 2008; Tang Jisheng 1998, . 2).
[57] , , .: Ji Xichen 2000; Zhang Censheng 2004; Chen Dongling 2004: 567592; Shi Tun, Li Danhui 2008: 668707; Han Gang 2011.
[58] , , . ., : Cheng Zhongyuan, Wang Tuxiang, Li Zhenghua 2008: 7275.
[59] , , . : Man Mei 2005: 212213 Hu Jiwei 1997: 2930.
[60] , 1981 , , , (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 Π). , .
[61] , 1980- , : Shen Baoxiang 1997; Cheng Zhongyuan, Wang Tuxiang, Li Zhenghua 2008: 85-121.
[62] , . .: Han Gang 2004: 2947. (Hu Jiwei 1997: 8485).
[63] , , . My (Qian Mu 2001: 12).
[64] .: Han Taguang 2006: 6570.
[65] , 1975 , (Zhang Hua 2004).
[66]. , 10 1984 (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 ).
[67] . , (Tu , Wang Haiguang 2004: 302).
[68]People's Daily. 1976. December 26.
[69] , , , 1977 1978 (Wu Li 1999: 763).
[70] , (Tbid.).
[71] . (19531957) , , . 1972 , , . . .: Chen Jinhua 2005: 1014. , , 1972 . .: Li Tan 2008: 150.
[72] 1970- . , , , 1975 1,3 , (People's Daily. 1978. September 19). 1976 4 .
[73]Ibid. 1977. January 2.
[74]Unite and Strive to Build a Modern Powerful Socialist Country: Report to the Fifth National People's Congress // Peking Review. 1978. . March 10. P. 39.
[75] - , . . : Hinton 1982: 457462.
[76] market () , market price ( ), (sale price), (factory price).
[77] .: Ibid., 462.
[78], , , . 1978 . , .
[79] .: Hin ton 1982: 459.
[80]Ibid.
[81]People's Daily. 1979. February 19. . : Xiao Donglian 2008: 507544. , . , 19781980 (Ibid., 522).
[82] - (M-form) (: Qian Tingyi, Xu Ohenggang 1993; Maskin, Qian Tingyi, Xu Ohenggang 2000; Qian Tingyi, Roland, Xu Ohenggang 2006) (TJ-form) , .
[83], (Wu Jinglian 2003; Wu Jinglian 2010) (Naughton 2007).
[84] , . -, , : , , , , (Naughton 1995: 8). -, , , , (Ibid., 23). , , , (Ibid., 8), , (Ibid., 2223). , , , , , .
[85] , (Lau, Qian Tingyi, Roland 2000). (Wu Jinglian, Zhao Renwei 1987).
[86] (Xue Muqiao 1996: 281282).
[87] Oan Wei Tian Xia Xiang [ ], , (Provincial Propaganda Department 2008).
[88] . Anhui Xongcun Oaige zi Lu [ ], Anhui Nongcun Oaige Kou Shu Shi [ ] (Research Office of the History 2011; Research Office on the Party History 2006a; Research Office on the Party History 2006b).
[89] : , , . , , , . , , , , 18 . .: Wu Jinglian 2005: 111.
[90] .: Song Lianshen 2005.
[91] , (Du Runshen 1998: 268298).
[92]People's Daily. 1979. March 15.
[93] , , (Zhang Gruangyou, Ding Longjia 2006: 154231). . : Qian Nlansun 2008.
[94].: Shi Zhengfu 2008. , , , . , 19781985 , , 1978- 10 % . .: Du Runshen 1998: 214, 269 . , , , , .
[95] , , , , (Li Huaiyin 2009: 268).
[96] (Banfleld 1967). (Weber 1981). , , (Arrow 1974); (Williamson 1985) (Coleman 1990).
[97] . ., , (Wang Ring 2005, . 5).
[98] , (Chung 2000).
[99] . , , , 1980 , , (Li Huaiyin 2009: 290).
[100] . .: Xu Ohenggang, Zhang Xiaobo 2008.
[101] , , , 12 1987 (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[102] 1985 , . , , (Wu Jinglian 2003: 135).
[103] (Ding Tizhuang 2008) (Liu Xiaomeng 2008).
[104] () (Wälder 1986). : Lu Xiaobo, Perry 1997. , , , : Schurmann 1968.
[105] , , , , , -, . . : Ma Licheng 2005: 178.
[106] Ma (Ma Jinglong 2008) (Qian Xingzhong 2008).
[107] , : Chen Hong 2006; Xu Mingtian 2008; Tu Qiao 2008. . : Xiao Donglian 2008: 757778.
[108] , 1949 , . , . , , . .: Wong 2008.
[109] , , , , , , , (Zhao Ziyang 2009: 102). , .
[110] , , . 19301931 (Man Mei 2005: 5051). , . , 19411945 , (.: Chen Tung-fa 1990: xx; Gao Hua 2000: 517; Man Mei 2005: 63), . , , (., : Li Rui, Hu Jiwei, Xie Tao et al. 2009). .
[111]Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , , , 18 21 , 1992' (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 ).
[112] , , , (Zhao Ziyang 2009: 203206).
[113] (Granick 1990: 2531).
[114] ., : Shirk 1993; Fewsmith 1994; Tang Jisheng 2004.
[115] , , .: Lardy, Lieberthal 1983; Liu Jie, Xu Lushan 2009. , (Zhao Ziyang 2009: 122).
[116] . , , .
[117]People's Daily. 1982. September 8.
[118] (Tao Tang 2008). .
[119] . .
[120]Japan Economic Journal. 1984. May 29.
[121]Business Week. 1984. October 15.
[122]Reform and Opening to the Outside World Are a Great Experiment [ ! (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[123]Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , -, , 18 21 , 1992] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[124]People's Daily. 1992. July 21.
[125] , , . , . : , ( [Zhao Ziyang 2009: 102]).
[126] 1984 . .: [http://cpc.people.com.cn/ GB/64162/134902/8092122.html].
[127] (Dong Füren 1986).
[128] , . 1981 , 50 . , . .: Zhang Weiying 2010: 200.
[129] : Zhang Weiying 2008; Zhang Jun 2010: 3-30.
[130] .: Riedel, Jin Jing, Grao Jiang 2007; : Allen, Qian Jun, Qian Meijun 2008. 1980- : Zhou Xiaochuan, Zhu Li 1987.
[131] , 1990- 83 % (Wu Jinglian 2005: 191); , , 1970- , .
[132] . (Kornai 1979; Kornai 1980; Kornai 1986). (Huang Tasheng 1996). : Shih 2007.
[133] (Xue Muqiao 1996: 312319), (Wu Li 1999: 948) (Wu Jinglian 2010: 339342).
[134] (Zhao Ziyang 2009: 223234).
[135] : Tang Jisheng 2004; Wang Ruoshui 1997; Hu Jiwei 1997. . : Fewsmith 1994.
[136] , , , . , , . , . , .
[137] 1989 : Zhao Dingxin 2001.
[138] , (. : Hirschman 1977: 24).
[139]., : Coase 1959; Coase 1960; Alchian 1965; Alchian, Demsetz 1973; Barzel 1997. , , , , : Xiao Geng 1997; Cheung 2009; Zhou Qiren 2008. . : Zhang Jun 1991.
[140]., : Schotter 1981; Coase 1984; Coase 1988; Williamson 1985; Bromley 1989; North 1990; Ostrom 1990; Powell, DiMaggio 1991; Brinton, Nee 1998; Menard, Shirley 2005; Mahoney, Thelen 2010.
[141] , . , , .
[142] , ( 1985). . : Xiao Donglian 2008: 458465, 511516. 1990- (Naughton 2002). , , (Zhu Xuefeng 2009).
[143] .: Lubman 2000; Peerenboom 2002; Chen Ruoying 2008; Potter 2008. .: Liebman 2007.
[144] : Zim Jingwen 2007.
[145] . : Manion 1985; Chan 2004. (Xu Ohenggang 2009).
[146]The Guardian. 1989. March 21.
[147]Newsweek. 1989. June 19.
[148]The Economist. 1989. October 28.
[149]Washington Post. 1990. June 29.
[150]C. : Interview with Western German Newspaper Reported. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 1989. November 25, LexisNexis.
[151]C. : Premier Li Peng Addresses the National Planning Conference. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 1989. December 29, LexisNexis.
[152] .
[153] .
[154] .
[155]People's Daily. 1990. February 22.
[156] . ., : Zhang Jun 2010: 4165.
[157]People's Daily. 1990. December 7.
[158]. : Jiang Zemin on Anniversary of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 1990. November 28, LexisNexis.
[159] .
[160] .
[161] .
[162]. Chinese Oet Wall Street Ouide to Capitalist Road // New York Times. 1986. November 12.
[163]People's Daily. 1991. September 2.
[164]Ibid.
[165]People's Daily. 1991. October 23.
[166] , ( , 3 24 1990 ), (Vogel 2010: 667).
[167] Spring Wind Blows East Deng Xiaoping in Shenzhen [ ] (Shenzhen Special Zone Daily. 1992. March 26]. , , (Wu Zhifei, Tu Ling 2008). . : Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , , , 18 21 , 1992] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III). . : Wong, Zheng Tongnian 2001.
[168]Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , , , 18 21 , 1992] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[169]Unknown Stories during Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour [ ], [http://news. xinhuanet.com/misc/2008-09/27/ content_10119788.htm].
[170]Ibid.
[171]Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , , , 18 21 , 1992] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[172]Ibid.
[173]Ibid.
[174] . 1980- , : , . , , ". , . .: Du Daozheng 2008.
[175]Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , , , 18 21 , 1992] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[176]Ibid.
[177]Ibid.
[178] . (Tian Jiyun 2009).
[179] 1992 (Tang Jisheng 2004: 476517) (Fewsmith 2008: 6872).
[180]People's Daily. 1992. April 14.
[181]Excerpts from Talks Given in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zlmhai, and Shanghai, January 18th February 21st, 1992 [ , -, , 18 21 , 1992] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[182] . .: [http://www.bjreview.com.cn/document/txt/2011-03/29/ content_363504.htm].
[183] , . , . , Beijing Capital Steel Corporation, , , .
[184] 1994 (Lou Jiwei 1998).
[185] , ( 1990- ). .
[186] , (Wu Li 1999: 1525).
[187] (Coase 1959). (Cheung 2009).
[188] . , , Ma (Ma Licheng 2005: 203208).
[189] ; .
[190] , 7 2010 .
[191] - , . 2008 . .: Liu Xiaoming 2008.
[192], (Riedel, Jin Jing, Cao Jiang 2007). . 2009 , , 500 ; , , . ( Heping 2009).
[193] - , : [http://www.sasac.gov.cn].
[194] . - 2010 120 , , 24 , 16 % , , , , ( - [http://www.sasac.gov.cn] 20 2011 ).
[195] , (Gran Jie, Gruo Tan, Xu Chenggang 2010), 2002 2006 . , , (, , , , ), , , , .
[196] (McCraw 2007).
[197] .: Ooase, Wang Mng 2011.
[198] , , , , , , , , , , . , (Zeng 2011).
[199] . : [http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/ xglj /kaifaqu.shtml].
[200] (Tłmn 2006).
[201] , , : Montinola, Qian Tingyi, Weingast 1995; : Jin Hehui, Qian Tingyi, Weingast 2005. : Oai Hongbin, Treisman 2005; Oai Hongbin, Treisman 2006; Tao Ran, Tang Dali 2008. . , , (Xu Chenggang 2009).
[202] , 2 1986 (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 ΠΙ).
[203] (Qian Tingyi, Xu Chenggang 1993).
[204] : Xu Chenggang 2009.
[205]China's Auto Sales Run Hot // Wall Street Journal. 2010. October 23.
[206] (Ooase 2008).
[207] , . , : , (Hayek 1967, . 6).
[208] : , (Brown 2009: 1). : Sen 2006.
[209]., : Murphy, Shleifer, Vishny 1992; : Sachs 1992. : Roland 2002. . , , (Hayek 1945).
[210] , , , , , . 1990- .
[211] , [http:// www.nobelprize.org/nobel_ prizes/economic-sciences/ laureates/1974/hayek-lecture. html].
[212] Xy L'TJnità, 30 1984 : Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). 1984. October 10. 194.
[213] (Tu Ri 2002), , .
[214]Ibid.
[215] : Tang Dali 2004; Shambaugh 2008. . : Pei 2006.
[216] : (Xiao Donglian 2004: 185). (Naughton 2008: 100).
[217], XIV (1992). .: [http:// www.bj review.com.cn/document/ txt/2011-03/29/content_363504. htm].
[218]We Regard Reform as a Revolution [ ] (Deng Xiaoping 19751992 III).
[219]Ibid.
[220] . , 31 1984 .
[221] (North 1981; North 1990; North 2005). . . : Greif 2006; North, Wallis, Weingast 2009; Kuran 2010; Acemoglu, Robinson 2012).
[222] , : Arthur 1994; Mahoney 2000; David 2001; Pierson 2004.
.: Vergne, Durand 2010. (Desjardins 2011).
[223] (Kornai 1979; Kornai 1980; Kornai 1986). (Maskin 1996; Maskin 1999), , (Maskin, Xu Ohenggang 2001).
[224] : Xu Ohenggang 2009; . : Cheung 2009; Sheng Tumin 2010.
[225] (Nozick 1974).
[226] . , , . , , 2004 .
[227]., , , , China's Authoritarian Capitalism Undermines Western Values [ ] [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/ article/2010/05/28/ AR2010052801859.html]. , , : Halper 2010; Bremmer 2010; Kampfner 2010.
[228] , .
[229] 1998 , , (Wu Xiaobo 2010: 196).
[230].: [http://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/gj s/ gjzzyhy/2604/2606/tl5288.htm].
[231].: [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/12/content_7966431.htm].
[232] , - 1 2009 60- [http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BgckHmsghmc].
[233] , , (Short 1999: 103).
[234] , [ [. (. : Spence 1999: 9).
[235] , 1950- (Chao Kang 1986: ). (Grates 1996). (Xu Dixin, Wu Chengmin 2007).
[236] . (Tao Xinzhong 2000). , : Levenson 1968.
[237] (Fogel 2006). : Subramanian 2011.
[238] N. 123 Trillion China? Not Likely // Foreign Policy. 2010. January 7 [http:// foreignpolicy.com/2010/01/07/a-123-trillion-china-not-likely].
[239] (Johnson 1994; Johnson 1999).
[240].: [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2009/countries/Ohina.html].
[241].: [http://flnance.eastday.com/m/20100525/ula5224725.html].
[242] (2011) .
[243]. (2011), 4.
[244].: Qiu Hanping, Shenzi de Falu Shixiang ( ) , Law Quarterly (1927. 3); : Qinhua, Li Xiuqing 2003: 343344.
[245]: Durkheim 1982: 6059. . : Berger, Luckmann 1966. , (Searle 1969: 5052).
[246] . (Tang 2004).