Ethernet , XBaseY, X , / (10, 100, 1000); Base ( ); Y . Ethernet . ( , hub) (switch). . , . 10BaseFP. (media converter), . , .
Ethernet 10 / .
♦ 10Base5 RG-8 (50 ) , 500 . AUI, - (4 ) , . (, , ).
♦ 10Base2 RG-58 (50 ) , 185 . BNC ( AUI ). ( ) ; .
♦ 10BaseT 3 (2 ), 100 ( 5 200 , ). RJ-45 ( AUI ). , - . 5 100 1000 / ( ).
♦ 10BaseF FOIRL ( ). AUI, . ( 850 ) 1 . ( ) (1310 ), ( 2 ).
Fast Ethernet 100 / .
♦ 100BaseTX 5 (2 ), 100 . RJ-45. (/) . 1000 / ( ).
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♦ 100BaseT4 3 (4 ), 100 . RJ-45, .
♦ 100BaseFX ( ). (1310 ), ( 2 ). .
♦ 100BaseSX (850 ), 300 . 10BaseF, (10/100).
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 / .
♦ 1000BaseCX ( 25 ) STP .
♦ 1000BaseT 5 (4 ) 100 . RJ-45.
♦ 1000BaseSX , 200500 ( ).
♦ 1000BaseLX , 50 ( ).
, ( ) , [3]. , ( ). 10- Ethernet .
♦ 5-4-3: 5 4 , () 3 .
♦ ( ) 4 ().
♦ : ( ) 5 .
♦ 1024 ( 3050).
Fast Ethernet .
♦ 205 .
♦ II, I.
Gigabit Ethernet , .
: ST, SC, MT-RJ . ( N BNC ). , 50 . , BNC- , . , .
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RJ-45 (. 10.1), ( MDI) . 10.1. 10BaseT, 100BaseTX 100BaseT4 MDIX, TX RX . ( MDI-MDIX, . 10.2, ) (. 10.3, ), (MDI-MDI, . 10.2, ) (MDIX-MDIX) (. 10.3, ). , , MDI-MDIX .
. 10.1. RJ-45: a ,
10.1. RJ-45 Ethernet
10BaseT/100BaseTX | 100BaseT4 | 1000BaseTX | |
1 | Tx+ | Tx_D1+ | BI_D1+ |
2 | Tx- | Tx_D1- | BI_D1- |
3 | Rx+ | Rx_D2+ | BI_D2+ |
4 | BI_D3+ | BI_D3+ | |
5 | BI_D3- | BI_D3- | |
6 | Rx- | Rx_D2- | BI_D2- |
7 | BI_D4+ | BI_D4+ | |
8 | BI_D4- | BI_D4- |
. 10.2. 10BaseT/100BaseTX: ,
. 10.3. Ethernet: ,
, , , . , . , . , 4, 5, 7 8 100BaseT4 1000BaseTX, 10BaseT 100BaseTX , .
Gigabit Ethernet 1000BaseTX . Fast Ethernet ( ). Gigabit Ethernet , 100BaseTX.
Ethernet (autonegotiation), () . ( ). , . : 1000BaseT, 100BaseTX , 100BaseT4, 100BaseTX , 10BaseT , 10BaseT . ( ), . (, Fast Ethernet 10/100), 100BaseT4 .
, - , . , , , .
Ethernet (10 /) AUI (Attachment Unit Interface ), () . , . AUI . 10.2, DB-15 ( , ).
10.2. AUI- Ethernet
1 | Collision |
2 | Collision+ |
3 | Transmit+ |
4 | Receive () |
5 | Receive + |
6 | DC Power GND |
7 | He |
8 | He |
9 | Collision - |
10 | Transmit - |
11 | Transmit () |
12 | Receive - |
13 | DC Power (+12B) |
14 | DC Power () |
15 | He |
Fast Ethernet MII (Media Independent Interface , ). MII 4- ( 2,5 25 10 100 ) ( 10 /). , ( , ), SMI (. . 11.2), . (40- ), .
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, (Network Interface Card, NIC). , . : () , ( , CRC-), . . , , , , , . (promiscuous mode), . ( , CRC). . , , , . , . .
PC ISA, EISA, MCA, VLB, PCI, PC Card. , LPT- PC; (, . .) ( ), ( 10 /). USB. .
, , , . (DMA), - (PIO), . 8- ISA 2 /, 16- 4 /. (1514 ) 1,3 2,6 . 12 , Ethernet, . Fast Ethernet, 1,2 , . - (PIO), . (bus mastering) ISA/EISA, ( 8 / ISA 16 33 / EISA). 100 / ISA . PCI, 32- 33 132 /. Gigabit Ethernet - , , PCI : 66 64 , . , , PCI. PCI, . . , , . ISA/EISA : ( ) 64 , , . PCI ( ) 100 / 2 . Gigabit Ethernet (256 ).
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. , . .
(?) 100 /, , . , NE2000 16- ISA Novell-Eagle. PCI. 10/100 / . Boot ROM, (remote wake up), DMI ACPI. 3- , . ( +5VSB), . , (Magic Packet) no . , ; DMI. , , , .
PCI32/64 33/66 , EISA MCA. , . 802.3. 802.1, , (tagged VLAN), Fast IP, IP-. , , , . (Resilient Link) . MAC- , . , . (Self-Healing Drivers) () . , , . ( ) SNMP RMON. ( , 4 ) , , . PCI ( EISA ). 100 /, Gigabit Ethernet .
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:
♦ BNC 10Base2;
♦ AUI DB-15 () 10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, 10BaseF, FOIRL;
♦ RJ-45 8- ( ) 10BaseT, 100BaseTX / 100BaseT4;
♦ SC (), ST 100BaseFX, 1000BaseSX, 1000BaseLX.
10- BNC+AUI RJ-45+AUI, Combo 10- BNC/AUI/RJ-45. 10 100 / RJ-45 . (, BNC RJ-45) . RJ-45 10BaseT 100BaseTX. , .
.
♦ - , 4-32 , 10- ( ISA) 16- (EISA, PCI) . , , .
♦ (IRQ3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 15), , , ( - ). , .
♦ (DMA) ISA/EISA; (bus mastering) ISA 16- 57.
♦ (adapter RAM) ISA (UMA), A0000h-FFFFFh. PCI , . .
♦ (adapter ROM) ROM BIOS, 4/8/16/32 C0000-DFFFFh. (Boot ROM) .
PC . , , .
♦ (), . ISA. , .
♦ (NVRAM, EEPROM), ISA. (jumperless), . , () .
♦ , EISA MCA, (ESCD EISA). ECU (EISA Configuration Utility) EISA.
♦ PnP ISA PCI. .
() . , . , , . . ( ) . 10Base2 (BNC-) , 305 185. , , . , . .