.
. , IBM PC (1998 .), - (, , , ). , , , . . , , , . ʻ .
, , LPT USB, Fire Wire, SCSI IrDA Bluetooth. PCI ISA, ( ISA , PC/104). , , , (, EEPROM), . , , ( , ), , - , . , ATA ( Serial ATA), ( -). Ethernet, . , . I²C, SPI, MII JTAG. , () IBM PC- ( , -, ), , x86. BIOS, , . , . . (, ), , . , CSO#, # ( ). , , INSW ( ), DR ( ), ( ). .
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, , . , ! , http://www.neva.ru/mgook, .
, RUSNet (http://www.neva.ru), . . , , .
[email protected] () [email protected] ( , ). www.piter.com.
(interface) , ; , . , ( ) () , . .
. ( ) . PC Centronics, LPT-, ATA, SCSI . , (, ) . (, RS-232C, -, Fire Wire, SPI, JTAG), (USB, I²C).
. . , , - , LPT-. . , , .
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, . . , , . , , . , , , ( ), .
90- DDR (Dual Data Rate). (). ( ) , . , , , . ATA ( UltraDMA) SCSI (UltraISO ), (DDR SDRAM), (Pentium 4).
, , , . SCSI ( , ); , PCI. ISA , ATA, UltraDMA . , , , ( , ). ( ), , , .
, ( ) , , . . , , . , . () ( ).
. , . , . .
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USB Fire Wire . RS-232C Centronics PC ( PC PC). (Security devices), COM- LPT-, . , , . (, Paraport) (Iomega Zip), LPT-. (IEEE 1284.3) (Daisy Chain) , . -, , Ethernet. USB Fire Wire , , (). USB Fire Wire.
, , , . , - LPT- PC, ( ). , , . , , , . -; RS-232C 2 . , , , . , (. 13). MIDI, , S/PDIF, Fire Wire, Ethernet.
/ (Hot Swap), . -, , , , . -, , . , , , SCSI , . USB Fire Wire . . , , ATA SCSI. , .
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, . ATX , 3,3 . ( ).
PnP (Plug and Play ), . (PCI, USB, Fire Wire, Bluetooth), . - (, ISA, SCSI) PnP , (Plug and Pray ). PnP (legacy) . ISA PnP , SCSI .
. , , . , (hardware) , (software), (firmware), , , . , (USB, RS-232, I²C ). -. , . . ( ). ( ) . .
.
1
LPT-
PC LPT- (Line PrinTer ). , , LPT- ( SPP-) , . LPT- , EPP, ECP , , . , IEEE 1284.
8- , 5- 4- , - DB-25S. LPT- , - -. . - , . , , .
LPT- , -. , 3BCh, 378h 278h. , IRQ7 IRQ5. DMA.
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BIOS POST Int 17h (. . 8.3.3) ( , ), , . ( PCI- 486) LPT-. ISA LPT-, -, (FDC+IDE). LPT- MDA ( ) HGC ( ). PCI LPT-.
LPT- , , , , , . , (LapLink).
LPT-
, , LPT- (Standard Parallel Port, SPP), SPP-, , Centronics (. . 8.3.1). (. 1.1) Centronics.
1.1. LPT-
DB-25S | I/O¹ | ² | ||
1 | 1 | O/I | CR.0\ | Strobe# |
2 | 3 | O(I) | DR.0 | Data 0 |
3 | 5 | O(I) | DR.1 | Data 1 |
4 | 7 | O(I) | DR.2 | Data 2 |
5 | 9 | O(I) | DR.3 | Data 3 |
6 | 11 | O(I) | DR.4 | Data 4 |
7 | 13 | O(I) | DR.5 | Data 5 |
8 | 15 | O(I) | DR.6 | Data 6 |
9 | 17 | O(I) | DR.7 | Data 7 |
10 | 19 | I³ | SR.6 | Ack# |
11 | 21 | I | SR.7\ | Busy |
12 | 23 | I | SR.5 | PaperEnd (PE) |
13 | 25 | I | SR.4 | Select |
14 | 2 | O/I | CR.1\ | Auto LF# (AutoFeed#) |
15 | 4 | I | SR.3 | Error# |
16 | 6 | O/I | CR.2 | Init# |
17 | 8 | O/I | CR.3\ | Select In# |
18-25 | 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 | - | - | - |
¹ I/O (-) . O/I , ; O(I) , (. ).
² \ (1 ).
³ Ack# (10 ) +5 .
SPP- 8- , -, BASE (3BCh, 378h 278h).
Data Register (DR) , =BASE. , , Data[7:0]. , , , , .
Status Register (SR) ( ), =BASE+1. 5- ( SR.4-SR.7) . SR.7 , .
( ).
♦ SR.7 Busy Busy (11): .
♦ SR.6 Ack (Acknowledge) Ack# (10).
♦ SR.5 (Paper End) Paper End (12). .
♦ SR.4 Select Select (13). .
♦ SR.3 Error Error# (15). .
♦ SR.2 PIRQ Ack# ( PS/2). , Ack# . .
♦ SR[1:0] .
Control Register (CR) , =S+2, . 4- ( 03) ; . . 0, 1, 3 .
.
♦ CR[7:6] .
♦ CR.5 Direction ( PS/2, . ). . .
♦ CR.4 AckINTEN (Ack Interrupt Enable) Ack# .
♦ CR.3 Select In Select In# (17) , Centronics.
♦ CR.2 Init Init# (16) .
♦ CR.1 Auto LF Auto LF# (14) (LF Line Feed) (CR). AutoFD AutoFDXT.
♦ CR.0 Strobe Strobe# (1) .
( IRQ7 IRQ5) 10 (Ack#) CR.4=1. 10 +5 . , . , BIOS .
Centronics .
1. (1 IOWR#).
2. ( SR.7 Busy). - ( 1 IORD#).
3. , . , (), , IOWR# IORD#.
, 45 - ( , ). . 100150 / , . .
12 ( ), , 5 . , Nibble Mode. , Hewlett Packard Bi-tronics, 4 , . , , 5 -.
LPT- . SPP- . , - ( - ), . . , , . 50 . 30 . , 1,5 , . , . . .