, . , -.
- . , (), ..
- , , , .
. , , , ..
- , (, , , - ..) , , .
, , - , - .
2.5.
90- . (-) .
:
- ;
-, ;
-, .
:
;
-, () ;
- , ;
;
(, , ..)
:
- , ;
- , .
:
( );
, , ;
( , OSI-);
OSE- ( );
OSE- ( , );
;
.
OSE- .
|
|
.
, , :
1) :
ISO (International Organization for Standardization - );
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commision - );
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunications - - ). 1993 . - CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee - , );
2), :
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers - );
Internet IAB (Internet Activities Board - Internet);
Regional WOS (Workshops on Open Systems - );
3) :
(European Computer Manufactureres Association - );
OMG (Object Management Group - );
/Open ( );
NMF (Network Management Forum - );
OSF (Open Software Foundation - ).