Last year I spent my annual holiday in Florida. So this year I thought I'd better try somewhere nearer home. And I think, after just three days of this year's annual "escape", I'd much rather be here than anywhere else on earth. Yes, / would much prefer to enjoy a few days rest here than sample the delights of Paris. And from that you will have guessed that I am in France.
A friend advised me: "If you need a rest, you 'd better not go to a city. Go to the country". And here it is - fields and cows, and hardly a car in sight.
I'd rather not say exactly where I am, because I'd prefer to keep it secret, but it's not far from Saint-Loo. I think I'd prefer to recommend Normandy in general.
Come to Normandy! Enjoy the peace and quiet! And don't tell anyone how to get here.
A: Answer the questions:
1. Where did Sally choose to spend this year's holiday?
2. Who advised her to go to the country?
3. What does she like about the place?
B: Speak about Sally's holiday. Say what kind of rest you would rather have in summer.
C: Work in pairs. Share some ideas with your partner of how to enjoy the week-end. Use the correct forms of bare and to-infinitives after had better, would rather, would prefer, would like/hate. Phrases from the box may help you.
| Go out of town. | Play a roulette in | the ca- |
| Stay indoors. | sino. | |
| Go for a drive out into the | Go fishing. | |
| country. | Go camping. | |
| Go on a package tour to.... | Go hunting mushrooms. | |
| Go hitchhiking to.... | Play sports. | |
| Go mountain skiing. | Visit a museum. | |
Model: - You'd better go out for a lunch in the restaurant.
- Oh, no. I don't feel like it. I'd rather make a cake and get some friends at my place.
28. Join the ideas from the letter to produce sentences with omitted to.
Ben and Sandra have just come back from a disastrous holiday. Read the notes Ben has made to include in a letter to the travel agency. Then complete the beginning of the letter.
The Notes: a. We didn 't have a rest!
b. Hotel very dirty. Should we unpack? Should we leave?
c. Some friends asked us to go to their hotel. They asked us to see their hotel.
d. We decide to go back. We would stay one night.
e. The breakfast was terrible. Should we eat? Should we give it to the cats?
The Letter: Dear sir,
I am writing to tell you about our holiday which was not the "restful experience" your brochure promised! Let we say right away that we managed
to do everything a)_____ but I except have a rest!
Our hotel was so dirty that we didn't know
whether b)_____. Some friends asked us c)____
their hotel. It was much better than ours, but it was
full, so we decided d)_____one night. Breakfast in
the morning was so bad that we didn't know whether e)_____to the cats.
Speak about Ben and Sandra's "restful experience ".
29. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use any
appropriate tense. Discuss the understood meaning of reduced
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infinitives.
Model: A: Is he coming to the meeting?
B: He would like to if he has time. (would like) 1. A: Can you go to the Bank for me before four o'clock? B: Well,... (try).... 2. A: Did Jane enjoy the play? B: She (seem).... 3. I don't play with toys any more but I (use).... 4.1 haven't written my parents yet this week, but I (intend).... 5. I've never eaten at the restaurant, but I (would like).... 6. A: Are you planning to go to the market? B: No, but I suppose I
(ought).... 7. A: Are you going to the historical society meeting? B: Yes, I (plan).... And you? 8. Oh! I'm sorry I closed the door in your face! I (not mean)...! 9. I must go there whether I (want)... or not. 10. A: You offended her, you know. B: I'm sorry. I (not mean).... 11. I don't want to leave, but I (have)....
30. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.
1. Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 2. You needn't (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will understand. 3. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined. 4. He would sooner (die) than (betray) his friends. 5. Why not (start) out right now? 6. Have you ever heard him (complain) of difficulties? 7. He was never heard (complain) of difficulties. 8. Don't let us (waste) time. There are hundreds of things (be done). 9. I have never known him (do) such things. 10. He was made (do) his work independently. 11. I know him (have been) an actor once. 12. There is hardly anything (do) but (work) out an alternative plan. 13. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go). 14. You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink). 15. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month. 16. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 17. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother. 18. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion. 19. It is better (be) sure than sorry. 20. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out. 21. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). He must (be) a very old man. 22. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are? 23. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe. 24. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen. 25. How dare you (open) my letters! 26. Why (leave) so early? 27. The chairman was heard (second) his proposal. 28. I need scarcely (tell) you that I'm in trouble.
Infinitive Constructions Complex Object
| General Note | Indicators | Examples |
| This Com- | After verbs of: | |
| plex consists | a) mental activity: to know, | a) I believe it to have |
| of a noun in | to think, to consider, etc. | been a mistake. |
| the common | b) declaring: to declare, to | b) They reported the |
| case or a | report, to pronounce, etc. | enemy to be ten |
| pronoun in | miles away. | |
| the objective | c) wish and intention: to | c) I want you to |
| case and the | want, to wish, to desire, to | come along with us. |
| infinitive. It | mean, to intend, etc. | |
| is mostly | d) feeling and emotion: to | d) I hate you to be |
| translated | like, to love, to hate, etc. | troubled. |
| into Russian | e) sense perception: to hear, | e) I saw him get on |
| by an object | to see, to watch, to feel, etc. | the bus this morning. |
| clause. | f) order, compulsion and | f) What makes you |
| permission: to order, to al- | think it was me? | |
| low, to have, to make, to | Let him sit here if he | |
| get, to let. | wants. |
NOTE: Function in the sentence: part of a complex object. Complex Subject
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| General note | Indicators | Examples | |||
| The Subjective with the Infinitive Construction consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative and any of the six forms of the infinitive. | a) with the following groups of verbs in the Pas- | She was heard to laugh heartily. | |||
| sive Voice: | |||||
| to see to expect | |||||
| to hear to believe | He is supposed to | ||||
| to think to suppose to consider to say to know to report | have left. He is said to be a good doctor. | ||||
| b) with the following parts of synonyms in the Active | |||||
| Voice: to seem to prove | He seems to notice nothing unusual. | ||||
| In Russian equivalent it is in most cases a subordinate clause. | to appear to turn out to happen to chance | The girl appeared to be everybody's | |||
| attention. | |||||
| c) with word groups containing adjectives / adverbs. | He is sure to come. | ||||
| To be (un) likely To be sure | He was not likely to have made a mis- | ||||
| To be certain 1 to be | take. | ||||
| bound | He is easy to deal | ||||
| To be anxious | with. | ||||
| To be pleased To be easy To be happy | |||||
NOTE: Function in the sentence: the subject of the sentence.
Far-Complex
| General note | Uses | Examples |
| This construction is introduced by the preposition for. It consists of a noun or a pronoun in the objective case and an infinitive (or an infinitive word- group). For is not | We use for + noun | |
| phrase + infinitive | ||
| after: | ||
| /. an adjective | It will be best for | |
| her to continue this | ||
| way. | ||
| 2. a noun phrase / | It is not the right | |
| pronoun | time for us to speak | |
| translated into Russian. The construction is translated by a subordinate clause or infinitive. | about it. | |
| There 's nothing for | ||
| him to do about it. | ||
| 3. a verb | I have arranged for | |
| you to have a pri- | ||
| vate room. | ||
| Note: often after a | We are still waiting | |
| verb which has for | for them to reply. | |
| after it. |
Practice
1. Point out the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. We expect her to come tomorrow. 2. Everyone consider him to be a clever man. 3. I wish John to come to our place at the weekend. 4. We ordered a huge bunch of flowers to be brought by 7 o'clock. 5. I have never heard him play the piano. 6. Every spring we see the leaves on the trees come out again. 7. Usually English people don't like the strangers to ask personal questions. 8.1 will let you use my car if necessary. 9. The nurse felt him tremble with cold. 10. You could have heard a pin drop. 11. You mustn't let it worry you. 12. What made you think so? 13. People know him to be an honest man. 14. He wished the specialist to cure him of his illness. 15. I know him to be working very hard. 16. What made you come so early? 17. I've never seen them talk together. 18. How can you let your son go there alone? 19. They borrowed the money, didn't they? Let them pay it back.
2. Say what the warning advises I reminds I tells I warns you to
do or not to do.
Use sentences with Complex Object in your answers.
Beach Safety
Hawaii's beaches are breathtakingly beautiful, but they can be very dangerous for newcomers. The beaches are always open, even when there is no lifeguard protection. If you do not see a lifeguard on duty, swim on another beach. Remember:
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Never turn your back on the ocean.
Enter the water slowly and carefully.
Don't be caught off your guard.
Never swim alone.
Always have someone you can call to.
Dive beneath breaking waves before they reach you.
Do not stand in the path of a large wave.
Do not swim over a large wave or turn your back against it.
Avoid beaches with rocky coasts.
Stay clear of areas with surfers.
Look out for runaway surfboards that wash in with the waves.
Model: It advises you to swim on another beach if you don't see a lifeguard on duty.
It warns you never to turn your back on the ocean. Continue...
3. Paraphrase the sentences using Complex Object. Make all the necessary changes.
Model 1: People know that he is an honest man. People know him to be an honest man.
1. I know that she has an interest in the company. 2. I believe that she isn't guilty. 3.1 found that the job was very challenging. 4. I imagine that he works very hard. 5. We didn't expect that he would arrive by plane. 6. The patient wanted that the doctor examined him. 7. He wished that the specialist cured him of his illness. 8. Do you mean that he should bring his girlfriend to the party? 9. I didn't mean that you should go there immediately. 10. Do you like when your guests leave your place late?
Model 2: She heard that he whispered something. She heard him whisper something.
1. I felt that it was true this time. 2. I saw that the man pulled the door open. 3. I felt that his hand was trembling. 4. I noticed that the woman passed him by and gave him a quick and strange look. 5. We heard that the actor was singing. 6. They forced us to sit and wait (make). 7.1 hope you will tell her to sell the car (have). 8. Her parents wouldn't give her permission to go out with boys (let). 9. His parents didn't allow him to leave the home-town (let). 10. She heard some strange sound and stepped aside (make). 11. The teacher told him to complete the task (have).
4. Identify the Complex Subject. Translate the sentences. Model: 1. The secret was believed to have been lost.
, . 2. She appeared to be supporting the girl.
, .
1. She is extremely likely to succeed. 2. We are not allowed to go out. 3. He had been asked to remain to lunch. 4. Tell him this next time you happen to be alone together. 5. The girl was not likely to have taken an overdose of sleeping tablets by mistake. 6. It was bound to happen. 7. They seem to be planning a new attempt. 8. The children are sure to be fighting again. 9. The facts are sure to become known next year. 10. She proved to know the subject. 11. It was silent in the room. Only the clock was heard to tick. 12. A young woman is supposed to have written this book. 13. She smiled broadly and waved her hand. She seemed to have recognised me. 14. Just look at his hands. He is sure to have been working in the garage.
5. Change the sentences so that to use Complex Subject. Model: It is said that he knows several oriental languages.
He is said to know several oriental languages.
1. It seems that she has forgotten her promise. 2. It is reported that the expedition left in June. 3. It was considered that he is one of the best pilots in the country. 4. It appears that they understood this rule very well. 5. The teacher expects that you will read an article on this subject. (You are expected...) 6. You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid...) 7. He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him. (It was very brave...) 8. Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he...) 9. It is not likely that the captain will allow them to put these cases on deck. (The captain...) 10. They will certainly conclude this agreement in the near future. (The agreement is certain...) 11. It seems that nothing has changed. 12. You may miss the beginning of the performance if you don't hurry. (You are likely...) 13. It appeared that the charges at the hotel were reasonable. 14. He was the only person who believed in the results of the experiment. 15. He will be pleased when he learns the news.
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6. Identify the Far-Complexes. Translate the sentences.
I.It was easy for my brother to learn Spanish. 2. We are still waiting for him to come. 3. Have you bought something for me to read during the trip? 4. The day was much too cold and rainy for anyone to have a good time. 5. It's not the right time for us to speak about it. 6. Your attitude made it difficult for him to tell you the truth. 7. It will be best for you to see the doctor about the tooth. 8. I'd like to put forward a few suggestions for you to think about. 9. Harriet was anxious for the party to be a success. 10. It might be possible for you to sign the paper today. 11. He didn't mean for them to study in the library. 12. It was hard for the boy to read the book in the original.
7. Practice the Far-Complex after adjectives.
When Sue and Peter Dale visited the old house to see how far the workmen had progressed with the repairs, it was disappointing for them to see that several jobs had not been done to their satisfaction.
Study the examples, then rewrite the sentences. Model: Peter was impatient. He wanted the pile of bricks in the
kitchen to be removed.
Peter was impatient for the pile of bricks in the
Kitchen to be removed.
1. Sue was eager that the black tiles in the bathroom should be replaced. 2. Peter thought it necessary that the missing panes should be put into the kitchen windows immediately. 3. They were anxious that the painter should remove the red splashes from the kitchen floor immediately. 4. Sue wasn't happy that Peter should pay the bill for the faulty central heating. 5. Sue thought it would be wrong if Peter paid the builders. The garage wasn't wide enough for the car. 6. Sue thought it would be too dangerous if Peter tried to repair the wiring system himself. 7. They were impatient. They wanted the gardener to start his
work. 8. They were eager that the workmen should be out of h house before Christmas. e
8. Practice the Far-Complex after a noun phrase.
Someone in an advertising agency is writing an advertisement for a holiday abroad. Complete it from these rough note's
Holiday makers can
- Holiday in 6 different countries.
- Pick from 10 different fortnights.
- Travel on 3 different airlines.
- Choose from 12 outward and return flights.
- Stay at 24 different hotels.
- See many fascinating national festivals.
- Take part in local music and dancing.
- Buy all sorts of gifts and bargains.
- Return home with lots of duty-free goods. And they don't have to
- make any arrangements -fill in any complicated forms
- pay for any extra items
Model: Six different countries for you to holiday in!
No arrangements for you to make!
Continue... Give some sentences to advertise tourism in your region.
9. Combine the two ideas in the following into one sentence using the Far-Complex after verbs as in the examples given. Model: You will need a taxi to take you to the airport. Ring
one up!
