Useful Phrases
The text provides information on
The author defines the phenomenon of
An attempt is made to
The text points out that
The extract claims that
A careful account is given to...
The author claims that...
The main idea of X XX investigation is..
. The author points out that
The most important point is
The text suggests the problem of
The text covers such points as
Attention is given to
It is pointed out that
The text reports on
The text gives a detailed description of
Attention is also given to
The passage describes
The main idea of the passage is
The passage provides information on
1. SPEAKING
to do/ to conduct research
to make contribution to
to study/ to investigate/ to make studies
to put forward an idea
to suggest a theory/ a hypothesis
to develop/ to modify a theory
to predict/ to forecast/ to foresee
to accumulate knowledge
a new area of research
latest/ recent achievements/ developments
a (an) outstanding/ prominent/ world-known scientist/ researcher
Answer the questions:
1. What is the sphere of your research?
2. What particular research are you going to conduct?
3. What do you study?
4. Do you have any hypothesis for your research?
5. What are the latest achievements in your sphere of science?
6. Can you name some outstanding scientists in your field of research? What contribution have they made?
7. What further developments can you predict in your sphere of research?
Speak about your sphere of research.
Work in pairs: ask for and give information on your field of science and research.
2. SPEAKING
Problem of the research
Vocabulary to use
to be interested in
to arise from
to be the subject of special/ particular interest
to be studied comprehensively/ thoroughly/ extensively
to take up the problem
to work on the problem
to follow/ to stick to the theory/ hypothesis/ concept
to differ/ to be different from
to be only outlined
to be concerned with/ to be engaged in the problem
to deal with/ to consider the problem
to be of great/ no interest
a lot of/ no literature is available on the problem
the reason for the interest in the problem is
Answer the questions:
1. What is your research problem?
2. What is the subject of your research?
3. Why are you interested in this problem?
4. Do you follow any hypothesis? What is it?
5. In what way does your research differ from other studies of the same problem?
6. Is there much literature available on your research problem?
7. Has the problem been studied comprehensively in literature?
8. What are the main aspects of the problem that have been considered?
Speak about your research problem.
Work in pairs: ask for and give information on your research problem.
3. SPEAKING
Historical background of research problem
Vocabulary to use
the first studies/ investigations on the problem
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to pay attention to
to observe/ to consider
to be the first/ to pioneer/ to initiate
to go back to
at that time/ in that period
by that time
since that time
recently/ lately
in the 1990s/ throughout the 90s
from 1990 to 2000
to find/ to discover
to explain/ to account for
to confirm/ to support
to believe/ to think
to be poorly/ well understood
to require further study
to stimulate interest in
to lay the foundation for
Answer the questions:
1. Who was the first to recognize your research problem?
2. What aspects of the problem did researchers concentrate on at that time?
3. What aspects of the problem have been considered recently?
4. Has the problem been widely studied?
5. Is the problem well understood at present?
6. What aspects of the problem still remain unsolved?
Speak about the history background of your research problem.
Work in pairs: ask for and give information on the historical background of the research problems under study.
4.SPEAKING
Current research: purpose and methods
Vocabulary to use
purpose/ aim/ target
method/ procedure
assumption/ consideration/ generalization
advantages/ disadvantages
accurate/ precise
valuable/ useful/ reliable
data/ results/ method
to make an experiment/ analysis
to reveal/ to find/ to confirm/ to prove evidence
to study/ to examine
to collect data
to improve
to work out/ to develop
to check
to use/ to employ
to provide
to come into use
Answer the questions:
1. What is the purpose of your research?
2. What is the subject of your research?
3. What method do you employ? Why?
4. What are the advantages of your method?
5. Do you find the method reliable? Why?
6. How long has your current research been under way?
7. How much time will it take you to complete your research successfully?
Speak about the purpose of your research and methods you use.
Work in pairs: ask for and give information about your current research, namely its purpose and the methods you employ.
5.SPEAKING
Results and conclusion of the current research
Vocabulary to use
comprehensive/ extensive
detailed
results/ data/ evidence
remarkable/ convincing
preliminary
sufficient/ insufficient
to collect/ to obtain/ to get/ to receive data
to treat/ to deal with the problem
to make progress in/ to succeed in
to fail (in)
to coincide
to agree with/ to fit the assumption
to support/ to provide support/ in support of
to come to an understanding
to conclude
to come to/ to make conclusions
Answer the questions:
1. Have you already received any research results?
2. What are the main results of your current research?
3. Have you succeeded in obtaining extensive data?
4. Do your results coincide with the theory you follow?
5. Are the results of purely theoretical or practical interest?
6. Are the data you have collected sufficient to formulate your final conclusions?
7. What part of your research remains still unfinished?
8. What conclusions have you come to?
9. How long will it take you to finish your research?
Speak about the results of your research and conclusions you have made.
Work in pairs: ask for and give information about the results and conclusions of your current research.
6.SPEAKING
Presenting a paper
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Vocabulary to use
to present a paper
to do research
to discuss in detail
to begin/ finish with
to point out
in contrast with
to explain
to come to a conclusion
Speech patterns
Im greatly honoured to be invited to this conference.
In this paper/ report Id like to talk about
First of all I would like to
The subject that I will discuss is
It should be pointed out that
Let me give you my explanation of
On the one hand , on the other hand
I agree that
I object to
In connection with I would like to add
In addition, Id like to
I would like to draw your attention to
The paper raises an important question
These results/ data are of great interest.
As far as I know
I have a point to make.
What I think is
In conclusion, let me say
Summing up, I would like to
The last part of my talk will be devoted to
Answer the questions:
1. What is the topic of the paper you are going to present?
2. Why are you interested in this particular topic?
3. Do you always prepare for presentations? In what way?
4. What recommendations would you give for making oral presentations?
Speak about the conference youve taken part: how did you prepare for it, what was the topic of your report, how did you make it?
Act out the situation: you are to present your research problem. Speak about the methods, results and conclusions. The time limit is 5 minutes. Make your presentation.
7. SPEAKING
Taking part in the conference
Vocabulary to use
a meeting/ a session
a plenary meeting
a chairman/ a chairwoman/ a chairperson
to give the floor to someone
to fix the time limit
to break the time limit
to call attention to the time limit
to stimulate discussions
to ask somebody a question
to call for questions
a speaker
to take part in/ to participate/ to attend a conference
to submit abstracts/ to present papers
to take the floor
to digress from the subject
Answer the questions:
1. Have you ever participated in international conferences?
2. When did you last take part in a conference?
3. What problems were considered?
4. How many participants attended the conference?
5. Which reports attracted general attention?
6. Whose report was of particular interest?
7. What problem did it deal with?
8. Did you present a paper at the conference?
9. Why is it necessary for a scientist to know foreign languages?
Work in pairs:
Tell your partner about the experience of attending a conference
8. SPEAKING
Chairing a Conference
Vocabulary to use
to welcome
to consider such subjects as
to chair the session
an agenda
a scientific program
to schedule
to cancel
a panel session
a working group session
a stimulating discussion
Speech patterns
I have a great pleasure to introduce
Our first guest will speak on
I now give the floor to
Please feel free to ask questions and make comments.
Are there any questions?
Id like to thank you all for a stimulating discussion.
All the topics seem to have been exhausted.
Our time is up. The discussion is closed.
I think we have done a good job. Thank you all.
Answer the questions:
1. Have you ever had an opportunity to chair a meeting?
2. What were your feelings?
3. How many speakers took part in the meeting?
4. What topics were on the agenda?
5. Were there any questions and comments?
6. Was the discussion stimulating?
Work in pairs:
Tell your partner about the experience of chairing a meeting.
Act out the situation: You are a chairman opening a Students Scientific Conference. You are given 5 minutes to do it.
APPENDIX
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1. , -, 1995. - 167 .
2. . /.., .., .. . .: .., 1992. 159 .
3. ./ .., .. , 2000. 31.
4. .., ... - , .
5. A.Giddens. Sociology. - London, 1996.
6. www.philosophy.com
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE
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2000 . .
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625039, , . , 52.
